2-hydroxyisobutyrylation-Specific Antibody Production Services

Antibodies are the most widely used tools in identifying and validating the types of PTMs. Based on the excellent High-Affi™ technology, Creative Biolabs has the capability of providing highly specific pan anti-2-hydroxyisobutyryllysine antibody and site-specific anti-2-hydroxyisobutyrylated protein antibodies production services. These antibodies are produced by immunizing animals with 2-hydroxyisobutyrylated BSA or KLH or with a synthetic glutaryl peptide and purified by affinity chromatography. The pan anti-2-hydroxyisobutyryllysine antibody specifically recognizes proteins with 2-hydroxyisobutyrylated lysine residues without species limitation, and site-specific anti-2-hydroxyisobutyrylated antibodies recognize site-specific 2-hydroxyisobutyrylated peptide. They do not cross-react with non-modified lysine residues, unmodified peptides, malonylated peptides and succinyl peptides.

Lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation (Khib) is a newly identified post-translational modification (PTM) base on mass spectrometry (MS). It was proved as an evolutionarily conserved histone mark which is widely distributed from prokaryotes to eukaryotes

Comparing with lysine acetylation (Kac), Khib has the following characteristics:

Larger structural change
Khib is very different from lysine acetylation or lysine methylation in structure. It not only neutralizes the positive charge of lysine residues but also causes a much larger change in size, with adding a hydroxyl group to increase the possibility of occurrence of hydrogen bonds with other molecules. Notably, a hydroxyl group is very important in regulating protein functions.

More modified sites
Khib has been found to modify all four types of histones (H1, H2A, H2B, H3, H4). Researchers have identified 63 human and mouse histone sites of Khib, with the number is much higher than that of known histone acetylation sites. As well as it includes 27 unique lysine sites that are not known to be modified by lysine acetylation and lysine crotonylation, suggesting that Khib has new functions on histones.

Dynamic and widely distributed in histones
Khib is also a dynamic and reversible process. Different from acetylation with the location mainly on N-terminal tail domains of histones, Khib is located not only in N-terminal residues but also exists in core histones. For example, in spermatogenesis, Khib has a wide range of regulating functions, such as the genes associated by H4K8ac are included in that by H4K8hib during active gene transcription in meiotic and post-meiotic cells. This distinct genomic distribution of Khib suggests that it is different from histone lysine acetylation in mechanisms and functions.

High stoichiometry and resulting from a high-energy donor
Analysis base on SILAC indicated that the abundance of histone Khib was much higher than that of histone Kac and Kme. In addition, Khib is probably to arise from an enzymatic reaction donated by a high-energy cofactor HibCoA. This might provide another opportunity for cells to reprogram epigenetics networks.

In summary, lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation is structurally and mechanistically different from histone Kac. It would break the current pattern of epigenetic research and bring us more sight in the understanding of cellular physiology and human disease. However, lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation is still in its early stage, more methods and tools need to be created and developed.

Histone post-translational modifications are important regulators of chromatin structure and gene expression. Lysine 2-hydroxisobutyrylation sites, discovered by MS and validated by chemical synthesis, are found in active chromatin and associated with male germ cell differentiation. Fig. 1. Lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation is a widely distributed active histone mark. (Dai L, et al. 2014)

Antibodies are the most common tools used in the studying of PTM. In terms of decades experience in the field of antibody discovery and production, Creative Biolabs provides our global customers the most professional services and high-quality products. Please feel free to inquiry us no matter what you have in PTM antibodies.

Creative Biolabs can provide a comprehensive list of PTM-specific antibody production services of your choice.

Reference

Dai L, Peng C, Montellier E, et al. (2014) “Lysine 2-hydroxyisobutyrylation is a widely distributed active histone mark”. Nat Chem Biol, 10(5): 365-370.

All listed services and products are For Research Use Only. Do Not use in any diagnostic or therapeutic applications.

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