Overview

Exosomes are promising drug delivery vehicles due to stability and biocompatibility. However, engineered exosomes can be cleared by the immune system. Modifying proteins to inhibit phagocytosis enhances their retention and targeting. Creative Biolabs can construct Antiphagocytic protein 1 (App1)-expressed exosomes through exosome membrane protein modification or exosome membrane surface modification, helping customers to further develop the therapeutic potential of exosome carriers.

App1 Overview

Cryptococcus can survive and replicate within macrophages by evading surveillance by the immune system or regulating host cells. Part of the reason is that Cryptococcus evades macrophage phagocytosis by secreting App1, binding to CR2/CR3 receptors. This increases infection capacity and can lead to fatal meningitis. By leveraging this anti-phagocytic property, App1 could be utilized in the development of exosome-based drug delivery systems. The virulence factor App1 of Cryptococcus can be applied to exosome drugs to exert their anti-phagocytic ability, which can increase the half-life of exosome drugs.

Fig.1 Increased expression of virulence genes in old cells.^1,3

Exosome Modification Service with App1

Creative Biolabs offers advanced methods for modifying exosomes with the anti-phagocytic protein App1 to enhance their therapeutic efficacy. We use both exogenous and endogenous exosome modifications to impart targeting and anti-phagocytic properties to the exosomes:

• Constructing a fusion expression plasmid containing the App1 gene and an exosome membrane surface marker protein, such as CD9, CD63, or Lamp2b. This plasmid is transfected into parental cells, resulting in the secretion of exosomes with App1 on their surface, providing them with anti-phagocytic capabilities.
• Assembling the App1 protein with polyethylene glycol and attach it to the exosome surface by interacting with phospholipid molecules, further enhancing the exosomes' functionality.

Fig.2 Illustration of the synthesis of engineered stem cell exosomes.^2,3

Features

• Targeted Modification
• Multiple Modification Methods
• Enhanced Utilization of Engineered Exosomes
• Professional Technical Support

Creative Biolabs is a biomedical service company that provides experimental services in the biomedical field. We have virus platform, cell platform, exosome platform, molecular platform, pathology platform, and bioinformatics platform, and are committed to providing global customers with one-stop experimental outsourcing services, including exosome isolation, identification, content analysis, engineering, exosome next-generation sequencing, and in vivo and in vitro functional research. If you want to increase the half-life of exosomes in the body, you can contact us. Our professional team can construct App1-expressed exosomes to maximize the efficacy of exosome drugs.

FAQs

References

1. Orner, EP.; et al. Cell wall-associated virulence factors contribute to increased resilience of old cryptococcus neoformans cells. Frontiers in Microbiology. 2019, 10:2513.
2. Hao, M.; et al. Engineered stem cell exosomes for oral and maxillofacial wound healing. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology. 2022,10:1038261.
3. Distributed under Open Access license CC BY 4.0, without modification.

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