Garlic-derived Exosome Research and Application

With its rich bioactive components, garlic possesses various pharmacological effects, including antioxidation, anti-inflammation, anti-tumor, lipid-lowering, and anti-diabetic properties, contributing to the maintenance of human health. Garlic-derived exosome-like nanoparticles, as a bio-product of garlic, may carry similar active ingredients and exhibit comparable pharmacological potential. Creative Biolabs fully supports research on garlic-derived exosomes and the development of new drugs or health products for disease treatment and prevention.

Main Active Components of Garlic and Their Pharmacological Effects

Allicin: Allicin can activate antioxidative signaling pathways, alleviate cardiovascular diseases, and potentially benefit anti-tumor and anti-diabetic treatments.
Alliin: Alliin, the most abundant sulfur-containing amino acid in garlic, possesses remarkable antioxidative properties, maintains mitochondrial membrane potential, inhibits lipid peroxidation, and protects liver function.
Other Sulfur-Containing Compounds: These compounds, including S-allylcysteine, diallyl sulfide, and more, influence various signaling pathways, including inflammatory pathways, potentially contributing to cardiovascular health and anti-cancer effects.
Ajoene: Ajoene inhibits platelet aggregation, helping to reduce blood clot formation and, consequently, lowering the risk of cardiovascular diseases.

List of Garlic-Derived Exosomes Research Results

Exosomes, as tiny vesicles, can serve as drug delivery systems. If garlic-derived exosomes contain health-beneficial active ingredients, they can enhance the bioavailability and stability of these components, holding significant promise for disease treatment and health maintenance.

Potential Function	Target	Possible Mechanism	Representative Figure
Anticancer	Cancer cells	Garlic-derived exosomes induce apoptosis in cancer cells by activating the caspase-mediated pathway and inhibiting angiogenesis.	Fig.1 Cell cycle distributions of different cells after treatments with garlic exosomes.1
Anti-inflammatory	Neuronal cells	Garlic-derived exosomes interact with BASP1 in microglia through their own phosphatidic acid to inhibit the c-Myc/STING/IFNIDO1 inflammatory signaling cascade pathway, thereby inhibiting microglial inflammation and nerve cell death.	Fig.2 BASP1 and c-Myc staining in HFD-fed mice treated with garlic-derived exosomes.²
Promoting hair growth	Skin hair follicles	Garlic-derived exosomes promote hair growth by upregulating platelet-derived growth factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, and transforming growth factor-β1 through Wnt/β-catenin.	Fig.3 The effects of garlic-derived exosomes on hair follicles were evaluated through rat back skin histology.³
Alleviating colitis	Human colorectal adenocarcinoma cells	Garlic-derived exosomes ameliorate colitis in mice via TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway and modulation of intestinal microbiota.	Fig.4 The specific mechanism of garlic-derived exosomes improving colitis.⁴
Anti-inflammatory	Macrophages and adipocytes	The specific miR-396e of garlic-derived exosomes reshapes the interaction between macrophages and adipocytes by regulating the expression of glycolytic enzyme genes, ultimately reducing inflammation in adipocytes.	Fig.5 The distribution of macrophages in mouse adipose tissue sections was observed by iNOS and Arg1 staining.⁵
Improving non-alcoholic fatty liver disease	Macrophages and hepatic cells	The unique miR-396e of garlic-derived exosomes inhibits inflammation and modulates the interaction between macrophages and hepatocytes to alleviate high-fat diet-induced liver dysfunction by regulating glycolytic enzyme genes.	Fig.6 Liver histological results after treatment with garlic-derived exosomes.⁶
Alleviating acute liver failure	Monocytes and macrophages	Garlic-derived exosomes can hinder the migration of monocytes to the liver and reduce macrophage infiltration, thereby ameliorating the inflammatory outbreak. This is primarily achieved by inhibiting CCR2/CCR5 signaling.	Fig.7 Garlic-derived exosomes alleviated the liver injury induced by LPS/D-GalN in ALF mice.⁷

Looking ahead, garlic exosomes hold potential as a novel therapeutic strategy. In future garlic-derived exosome development, Creative Biolabs offers plant exosome extraction and development services. This presents an opportunity for biomedical researchers and pharmaceutical companies. If you have related demands, please feel free to contact us.

Plant-Derived Exosome Isolation

Plant-Derived Exosome Identification

High-Throughput Screening Analysis (Proteins, RNA, Lipids and Metabolites)

Target Analysis

In Vitro Functional Discovery of Plant-Derived Exosomes

In Vivo Functional Discovery of Plant-Derived Exosomes

Large-Scale Production of Plant-Derived Exosomes

References

Özkan, İ.; Koçak, P.; et al. Garlic (Allium sativum)-derived SEVs inhibit cancer cell proliferation and induce caspase mediated apoptosis. Scientific Reports. 2021. 11(1):14773.
Sundaram, K.; Mu, J.; et al. Garlic exosome-like nanoparticles reverse high-fat diet induced obesity via the gut/brain axis. Theranostics. 2022. 12(3):1220-1246.
Inan Yuksel, E.; Cicek, D.; et al. Garlic exosomes promote hair growth through the Wnt/β-catenin pathway and growth factors. Cureus. 2023. 15(7):e42142.
Zhu, Z.; Liao, L.; et al. Garlic-derived exosome-like nanovesicles alleviate dextran sulphate sodium-induced mouse colitis via the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB pathway and gut microbiota modulation. Food & Function. 2023.
Bian, Y.; Li, W.; et al. Garlic-derived exosomes carrying miR-396e shapes macrophage metabolic reprograming to mitigate the inflammatory response in obese adipose tissue. Journal of Nutritional Biochemistry. 2023. 113:109249.
Liu, J.; Li, W.; et al. Garlic-derived exosomes regulate PFKFB3 expression to relieve liver dysfunction in high-fat diet-fed mice via macrophage-hepatocyte crosstalk. Phytomedicine. 2023. 112:154679.
Zhao, X.; Yin, F.; et al. Garlic-derived exosome-like nanovesicles as a hepatoprotective agent alleviating acute liver failure by inhibiting CCR2/CCR5 signaling and inflammation. Biomaterials Advances. 2023. 154:213592.