Glycosylated Exosome Detection Services

The significance of exosome glycosylation in physiological processes has been gradually recognized, yet the unknown mechanism of exosome glycolytic metabolism, the complex composition of glycan chains, and the variety of modification sites have become the main challenges in profiling exosomes. Creative Biolabs provides glycosylated exosome detection services to assist clients in the identification and profiling of the exosome glycosylation proteome.

Introduction to Glycosylated Exosome Proteomics

Glycosylation is the process of attaching glycans to proteins or lipids under the direction of enzymes, starting at the endoplasmic reticulum and ending at the Golgi apparatus. Glycans are transferred to proteins under the action of glycosyltransferases, forming glycosidic bonds with amino acid residues on proteins and forming various types of glycan chains under the shearing and processing of glycosyltransferases and glycosidases. As the exosomes are covered with glycoproteins, exosomal protein glycosylation plays an influential role in regulating transmembrane signaling, functional and physiological patterns between exosomes and receptor cells, and tumor progression and metastasis. The study of exosome glycosylation contributes to the understanding of the physiological functions in which exosomes are involved and to the development of disease-related diagnostic and therapeutic markers. The key task of glycosylated exosomal proteomics is based on the global search for sites where exosomal proteins undergo glycosylation modifications, the resolution of glycan structures, the identification of intact glycopeptides, and the exploration of the roles and biological functions of exosomal glycoproteins in biological activities.

Fig.1 EVs carry a wide variety of functional molecules, including glycoproteins and glycolipids. (Martins, 2021)

Glycosylated Exosome Detection Services at Creative Biolabs

Creative Biolabs is equipped with two powerful detection platforms, mass spectrometry and antibody microarrays, to select the superior technology for the detection of the glycosylated exosome proteome for different research needs. Mass spectrometry has a significant advantage in identifying new proteins (especially membrane proteins) that can be carried in exosomes, while antibody microarrays are more sensitive and accurate in identifying secretory proteins carried in exosomes (antibody microarrays can currently detect over 500 secretory proteins), based on the specificity of the antigen-antibody response. Our glycosylated exosome detection services include:

Application of Glycosylated Exosome Detection

With the rapid development of protein drugs and exosome-based delivery systems, glycosylation modifications of proteins in exosomes have various effects on their stability, efficacy, and safety, and it is highly meaningful to comprehensively characterize their glycosylation modifications. For example, the glycosylation structures on the surface of tumor cells and normal cells are significantly different, while direct detection of cell surface glycosylation is difficult to achieve due to technical and cost limitations. The glycosylation structures of exosomes and their parent cells are mostly identical, while it is easier to detect glycosylation on the surface of exosomes than on the surface of cells, with abundant exosomes widely extracted from body fluids such as blood, urine, and ascites. This suggests that the detection of glycosylated exosomes facilitates the discovery of new diagnostic markers and therapeutic targets in the field of precision medication.

Fig.2 Potential clinical applications of extracellular vesicle (EV) glycosylation. (Martins, 2021)

Qualitative and quantitative assays of glycosylated exosomes facilitate the understanding of their potential potency and the discovery of new circulating markers. Creative Biolabs provides comprehensive glycosylated exosome detection services through glycosylated proteomic mass spectrometry and high-throughput lectin microarrays, enabling not only differential screening of glycoprotein profiles in high-volume exosome samples to identify candidate markers, but also glycosylated proteomic mass spectrometry resolution of specific lectin-identified glycoproteins to obtain a complete glycan structure and glycosylation site map. Please contact us with your interest.

Reference

Martins, Á.M.; et al. Glycosylation of cancer extracellular vesicles: Capture strategies, functional roles and potential clinical applications. Cells. 2021, 10(1): 109.

Plant Exosome Isolation