In vitro diagnostic (IVD) kits have been widely applied in disease diagnosis, prognosis, and therapeutic monitoring. With rich and vast experience in antibody development, Creative Biolabs has launched a whole series of biomarker-specific IVD antibody development services. Here, we focus on cyclin-D1 (CCND1) as a marker of ovarian cancer and chronic myeloid leukemia.
CCND1 Marker
Cyclin-D1 (CCND1) is a protein encoded by the CCND1 gene and expressed in all adult human tissues except for the cells derived from bone marrow stem cell lines (both lymphoid and myeloid). Cyclin D1 consists of several protein domains and motifs, including retinoblastoma protein (pRb) binding motif, LxxLL binding motif for co-activator recruitment, cyclin box domain for cyclin-dependent kinase (CDK) binding and CDK inhibitor binding, PEST sequence that may mark the protein for degradation, and threonine residue (threonine 286) that controls nuclear export and protein stability. CCND1 protein belongs to the highly conserved cyclin family, whose member is characterized by an extreme periodicity in protein abundance through the cell cycle. It serves as regulators of CDK kinases. CCND1protein can form a complex with CDK4 or CDK6 and functions as a regulatory subunit of CDK4 or CDK6, whose activity is responsible for cell cycle G1/S transition. This protein has been shown to interact with tumor suppressor protein Rb, and the mutations, amplification and overexpression of CCND1 gene may lead to tumorigenesis.
Fig.1 Functions of Cyclin-D1. (Musgrove E A., 2011)
CCND1 Marker of Ovarian Cancer
CCND1 protein overexpression has been reported to associate with early cancer incidence and tumor progression, and it can cause oncogenesis via increasing anchorage-independent growth and angiogenesis through VEGF production. CCND1 protein overexpression can also down-regulate the expression of Fas, resulting in increased chemotherapeutic resistance and prevention from apoptosis. Recent studies have revealed that CCND1 expression declined along with the decreased cell growth capacity and increased apoptosis in epithelial ovarian cancer cells. And the overexpression of CCND1 was found to be consistent with enhanced cell growth ability and less apoptosis of epithelial ovarian cancer cells. Consequently, CCND1 is now regarded as a potential biomarker for evaluating the development of ovarian cancer and treatment for ovarian cancer patients.
Fig.2 Oncogenic activation of Cyclin-D1. (Musgrove E A., 2011)
CCND1 Marker of Chronic Myeloid Leukemia
Cyclin D1 (CCND1) is among the 10 proto-oncogenes most frequently amplified in cancer. The importance role CCND1 plays in cancer prediction has been extensively reported. Overexpression of CCND1 is connected with metastatic prostate cancer to bone. Moreover, silencing of CCND1 in xenografted lung adenocarcinoma cells abrogates its metastatic potential. Consistently, CCND1 enhances cell migration and invasion as CCND1−/− cells show a reduction of their potential of invasiveness.
A number of studies demonstrate that CCND1 is not restricted to the nucleus but is also associated to the cytoplasmic membrane, where it can activate cytoplasmic targets involved in cell invasive potential. Cytosolic localization of CCND1 has been described in different tumors. For instance, an elevated expression of cytoplasmic CCND1 has been detected by IHC in lymph node metastases originated from prostate cancer and is associated with poor survival.
Fig. 3 CCND1 is localized in the cell membranes of tumor cells. (Noel P. Fusté., 2016)
The measurement of CCND1 can be applied for evaluation and diagnosis of ovarian cancer & chronic myeloid leukemia. This relies on the development of CCND1-specific antibodies. As a professional antibody service provider, Creative Biolabs is ready to offer high-quality IVD antibody development services to clients across the globe. Further, we offer IVD immunoassay development services, covering the feasibility analysis, assay development, and production. If you are interested in our services, please feel free to contact us for more details.
References
For Research Use Only.
