Circulatory System Disease Model Construction Service for Exosome Functional Research

The circulatory system refers to the tissues and organs in the body that transport blood, including the heart and blood vessels. Circulatory system diseases (CSDs) include myocardial infarction (MI), cardiomyopathy, congenital heart disease (CHD), hypertension, atherosclerosis, etc. Various CSDs can eventually progress to heart failure (HF). A variety of cells can secrete exosomes under normal and pathological conditions, which can specifically fuse with target cell membranes and facilitate intercellular communication. In recent years, studies have found that exosomes play an important role in the development of CSDs, and engineered exosomes can protect their contents from degradation, so that the contents can be delivered to target cells in a functionally active state, thereby achieving targeted therapy of CSDs. In the experimental process of these studies, animal models make the pathophysiological changes in the development of diseases more intuitive and are indispensable in revealing disease pathogenic factors, pathogenesis, target therapy and prognosis, drug development, screening, and efficacy evaluation. In particular, choosing a suitable animal model is an important link in the experimental process. Creative Biolabs has been concerned about the research progress of exosomes in CSDs. We keep up with the development of the industry and market demand, and constantly improve and innovate. After years of accumulated experience, we can provide global customers with a variety of CSD animal models.

Fig.1 Exosome-mediated Ldlr mRNA delivery could robustly restore Ldlr expression and thus reverse the phenotype. (Li, 2021)

Creative Biolabs Circulatory System Disease Model Library for Exosome Functional Research

We can provide including but not limited to the following CSD animal models for exosome functional research.

CSD Animal Models	Method	Modeling Mechanism	Applicable Animals	Model Features
MI animal models	Induction of drugs such as pituitary hormone, isoproterenol, doxorubicin, and catecholamines	These drugs can cause coronary artery spasms and prompt MI.	Mouse, rat	The method is simple and feasible, and can better simulate the vasoconstriction process of human MI.
MI animal models	Coronary artery ligation	Ligation of coronary arteries can lead to narrowing or occlusion, resulting in ischemia and necrosis of the myocardium supplied by the coronary arteries, eventually causing MI.	Mouse, rat	This modeling method is mature and easy to operate, and the obstruction site is clear and easy to judge, which is more consistent with the pathological process of MI. The modeling process can be monitored and evaluated in real-time through electrocardiogram, pathology, serum enzymes, etc.
Cardiomyopathy animal models	Doxorubicin induction	Doxorubicin is a chemotherapy drug that can cause cardiotoxicity, leading to progressive cardiomyopathy.	Mouse, rat	This model has the advantages of economy, reliability, and time saving, and high-frequency echocardiography can be used to evaluate whether the model is successfully established.
Cardiomyopathy animal models	Furazolidone induction	Furazolidone may oppose the clearance of catecholamines in the body, leading to excessive excitation, degeneration, and necrosis of cardiomyocytes.	Rat	This model is the closest experimental animal model to human dilated cardiomyopathy in the changes of myocardial energy metabolism, myocardial fiber physiological characteristics, Ca²⁺ metabolism, and the β-receptor adenylate cyclase system.
CHD animal models	Spontaneous hypertension rat model	This model is obtained by multigenerational breeding of inbred rats.	Rat	Without special feed, the rats showed obvious narrowing and bending of peripheral arteries, gradual hypertrophy of the heart, and eventually developed high blood pressure. This model is currently an internationally recognized animal model closest to human essential hypertension.
CHD animal models	Deoxycorticosterone acetate induction with simultaneous unilateral nephrectomy	Deoxycorticosterone acetate can inhibit the occurrence of renin-angiotensin, which mediates the increase of blood pressure. Renal ischemia caused by unilateral nephrectomy can exacerbate systemic arteriolar spasm, resulting in persistent and constant hypertension.	Rat	This model is easy to make and the induced hypertension is stable. Simultaneous unilateral nephrectomy can reduce modeling time.
Atherosclerosis animal models	High-cholesterol and high-fat diet	Excess cholesterol and fat can cause hyperlipidemia, damage vascular endothelium, and promote the gradual formation of atherosclerotic plaques in the aorta and coronary arteries.	Mouse, rat, rabbit	This model is easy to operate, has a low mortality rate, and can be observed for a long time.
	Apoe knockout model	The lack of Apoe prevents lipoproteins from recognizing and binding to relevant receptors so that the clearance of these lipoproteins is delayed and hyperlipidemia occurs. Hyperlipidemia induces oxidative modification of lipoproteins and promotes the formation of atherosclerotic lesions.	Mouse	These mice developed marked endothelial damage and lipid accumulation with increasing age. Imposing a high cholesterol and high-fat diet will significantly shorten the modeling time.
	Ldlr knockout model	The lack of Ldlr leads to the increase of lipoprotein in mouse plasma, induces hyperlipidemia, and promotes the formation of atherosclerotic lesions.	Mouse
HF animal models	Aortic arch coarctation surgery	Narrowing of the aortic arch resulted in increased cardiac afterload (aortic pressure), compensatory myocardial hypertrophy, increased ventricular volume, and cardiac enlargement in rats.	Rat	This model is similar to heart failure caused by high blood pressure or aortic valve stenosis in humans.

Creative Biolabs aims to focus on human life and health and supports the translation of scientific research results to clinics with experimental animal models. We have a group of professional technicians with strong backgrounds, who can provide the most comprehensive CSDs models for customers to choose from according to their actual needs. If you want to study the key role or therapeutic target of exosomes in CSDs in vivo, please contact us with your ideas. We will provide you with one-stop services including exosome extraction, exosome identification, exosome engineering, exosome labeling, and in vivo and in vitro verification of exosomes with first-class services.

Reference

Li, Z.; Zhao, P.; et al. Exosome-based Ldlr gene therapy for familial hypercholesterolemia in a mouse model. Theranostics. 2021. 11(6):2953-2965.

Plant Exosome Isolation