Although ignored in the past, with the recent deepening of research, significant progress has been made in the field of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs). Accumulating evidence has revealed that microRNA (miRNA) response elements regulate RNA. Long ncRNAs, circular RNAs, pseudogenes, miRNAs, and messenger RNAs (mRNAs) form a competitive endogenous RNA (ceRNA) network that plays an essential role in cancer and cardiovascular, neurodegenerative, and autoimmune diseases. Focusing on exosomal RNA over years, Creative Biolabs launches efficient ceRNA microarray services to promote our customers' researches on exosomal ceRNA.

Fig.1 Diagram of ceRNA networks. (Karreth, 2013)

ceRNA in Exosomes

Exosomes are a subset of extracellular vesicles (EVs) with a diameter of 30-150 nm. Exosomes can mediate cell-to-cell communication by transferring mRNAs, miRNAs, and lncRNAs. Emerging evidence has revealed that exosomal ncRNAs are dysregulated and play important roles in different disorders, including several types of cancer, myocardial infarction, and cholestatic liver diseases. For example, exosomal lncRNA H19 promoted macrophage activation and inflammatory cell infiltration in cholestatic liver diseases. Most exosomal microRNAs, as tumor promoters or suppressors, affected other cells in the microenvironment of breast cancer. Exosomal ncRNAs may be more functional and integral because they are protected from RNase. So exosome can be a suitable place of RNAs crosstalk and an ideal study model of the ceRNA hypothesis.

Importance and Application of ceRNA in Exosomes

ncRNAs, including miRNAs and lncRNAs, act as key regulators of multiple biological processes. The ceRNA theory proposes that RNA could regulate each other by competing for miRNA response elements. For example, lncRNA H19 acted as ceRNA to regulate IGF1R expression at the post-transcriptional level via increasing Let-7 activity, thereby contributing to the decreased proliferation capacity of endometrial stromal cells. The ceRNA theory provides a new perspective of the lncRNA regulatory mechanism. Therefore, systematically constructing the EMs-associated lncRNA-miRNA-mRNAs-ceRNA regulatory networks is crucial and might provide more clues to EM molecular mechanisms.

Reference

1. Karreth, F. A. and Pandolfi, P. P. ceRNA cross-talk in cancer: When ce-bling rivalries go awry. Cancer Discov. 2013, 3(10): 1113-21.

• Exosomal Small RNA/miRNA Sequencing
• Exosomal lncRNA Sequencing
• Exosomal circRNA Sequencing
• Exosomal mRNA Sequencing
• Exosomal mRNA Microarray
• Exosomal miRNA Microarray
• Exosomal LncRNA Microarray
• Exosomal Whole Transcriptome Sequencing