Creative Biolabs provides research services on the placental tissue exosomes, providing clients with insights for exploring the causes of pregnancy complications and finding new biomarkers.
Fig.1 Placenta tissue extracellular vesicles. 1, 3
Our expertise lies in offering all-inclusive services specifically designed to investigate and make use of exosomes that are extracted from placental tissue. Our offerings include exosome isolation and characterization, advanced analytical techniques to explore their molecular composition and support in designing experiments focused on placental exosome functionality. We collaborate with researchers to facilitate innovative studies that leverage placental exosomes for understanding cellular communication, biomarker discovery, and potential applications in regenerative medicine.
Placental exosomes maintain pregnancy by participating in vascular remodeling and down-regulating the immune response. On the one hand, vascular smooth muscle cell migration experiments have revealed that exosomes released from extravillous trophoblasts can participate in spiral artery remodeling by promoting vascular smooth muscle cell migration, which is required for the formation of low resistance circulation in the uteroplacental. The placental syncytial trophoblast cells derived exosomes were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR and ISH to release placenta-specific miRNAs into the maternal circulation. miR-155 could regulate vascular remodeling and its function. It contributes to the maintenance of pregnancy by providing good conditions. On the other hand, placental exosomes establish maternal-fetal immune tolerance by mediating the apoptosis of immune cells. It was found that syncytial trophoblast cells released exosomes carrying membrane bioactive FasL and TRAIL molecules, which inhibited the CD3-ζ chain and JAK3 and contributed to Th1 apoptosis. In addition, placental exosomes carry NKG2D ligands, which can downregulate NK cell activity by binding to receptors, thereby weakening maternal immune-killing toxicity.
Abnormal changes in the contents of placental exosomes can lead to placental dysfunction and cause many obstetric disorders such as preeclampsia and GDM (gestational diabetes mellitus). The increase in the number, level, and function of placental exosomes may lead to an imbalance in the maternal immune system, thus triggering eclampsia. Proteomic analysis revealed that the expression of functional proteins such as syncytium 2 protein, matrix metalloproteinase 2, and matrix metalloproteinase 9 in the placental exosomes of preeclampsia pathology were significantly different from that of normal pregnancy. GDM is a prevalent metabolic condition that occurs during pregnancy. Hyperglycemia, hyperinsulinemia, and hypoxia are the main pathological changes associated with it. These adverse internal environmental factors can adversely affect maternal-fetal blood flow exchange by affecting trophoblast exosomes, resulting in adverse pregnancy outcomes such as preterm delivery, fetal distress, and fetal death. Longitudinal assays observed higher concentrations of placental exosomes in the plasma of GDM patients than in normal pregnant women matched for gestational weeks. Meanwhile, miRNA sequencing revealed an increased abundance of miR-518a-5p, miR-518b, miR-518c, miR-518e, miR-520c-3p, and miR-525-525-5p in placental exosomes in GDM compared with normal women, which may serve as a predictive biomarker for GDM.
Fig. 2 Role of EVs in placenta and pregnancy disorders.2, 3
Creative Biolabs provides high-quality services for the characterization, omics profiling, and functional mechanisms of placental tissue exosomes. Please contact us to learn more.
A: We utilize a combination of ultracentrifugation, size-exclusion chromatography, and immunoaffinity capture methods for robust isolation of exosomes. Characterization is performed using NTA, electron microscopy, and WB to confirm exosome purity and identify surface markers.
A: Researchers can easily integrate our services by collaborating with us on specific aspects of their projects, such as exosome isolation, characterization, or functional assays. Additionally, we provide advice on study design and experimental procedures that are customized to meet your unique research goals.
A: Placental exosomes are known for their unique protein and RNA cargo, which reflects their role in maternal-fetal communication. They often contain specific growth factors, cytokines, and miRNAs that can provide insights into developmental processes and immune responses unique to pregnancy.
A: While placental exosomes can provide a wealth of information, studies must be designed carefully to account for variables such as gestational age, maternal health, and environmental factors, which could influence exosome composition and functionality.
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