A Potential Target: Tumor-associated Antigens (TAAs)
TAA has been effectively targeted in hematopoietic malignancies. TAA are normal cellular proteins that can be immunogenic because of polymorphisms, which cause amino acid differences between individuals. The immunogenicity of TAA has distinct expression among different tumor cells. Although TAA is associated with a malignant cell phenotype, they also exist in normal cells. However, the expression of TAA in tumors has unique features that contribute to their immunogenicity and have different expression patterns between tumor types and especially between individuals.
B cells are best known for their production of antibodies. Human long-lived plasma cell (PC) is a long-lived cell source to express and deliver protein drugs. As a terminally differentiated B cell population, PC resides in the bone marrow for decades, and stably produces high concentrations of antibodies. Over decades, it has become clear that B cells serve much more diverse functions than just antibody production. B cells can contribute more to regulate immune responses. TAA is a potential target in several tumors. Creative Biolabs has built a concentration of expertise and technical resources for engineering B cells to express TAAs, exhibiting critical advantages for delivery.
Workflow of B Cell Engineering Service at Creative Biolabs
Fig.1 Workflow of B cell engineering. (Creative Biolabs)
One-Stop Solution for B Cell Engineering
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CRISPR/Cas9-based Genome Editing
Based on RNA-guided DNA cleavage, CRISPR/Cas9 can be used to edit single or multiple genes in a wide variety of cell types and organisms in vitro and in vivo. Since it is faster, cheaper, more accurate, and more efficient than other genome editing methods, this system has generated a lot of excitement in the scientific community.
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TALEN-based Genome Editing
TALEN has sparked the genome editing revolution. The use of TALEN has brought targeted mutagenesis to the attention of scientists worldwide. The flexible and precise positioning of TALEN is unmatched, and more potential is still being tapped.
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Homology-directed Repair (HDR) based Genome Editing
As a naturally occurring nucleic acid repair system, this technology uses a homologous sequence as a template for repair and is thus the more accurate mechanism for double-strand break repair. HDR can be used to modify genomes in many organisms, including humans.
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Adeno-associated Virus (AAV) Vector-based Genome Editing
AAV exclusively uses the high-fidelity homologous recombination pathway and does not need exogenous nucleases for prior cleavage of genomic DNA. One of the key features is that this technology preserves genomic integrity, without the incorporation of indel mutations or viral sequences while also obviating the possibility of off-target genotoxicity.
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Lentivirus Vector-based Genome Editing
Featured by its ability to carry bulky and complex transgenes and sustain robust and long-term expression in a broad range of cells, lentiviral vector systems are one of the main delivery vehicles. The improvement and optimization of this vector is in progress, including manufacturing methods for clinical applications.
Editing B Cell at Safe Harbor Loci
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