CD97 Membrane Protein Introduction

Introduction of CD97 Antigen

CD97 antigen is a membrane protein that in human is encoded by the CD97 gene. It belongs to the EGF-TM7 subfamily of adhesion G protein-coupled receptors, which mediate cell-cell interactions. CD97 is widely expressed on immune cells, hematopoietic stem and progenitor cells, muscle cells, epithelial cells as well as their malignant counterparts. This protein is cleaved by self-catalytic proteolysis into a large extracellular subunit and seven-span transmembrane subunit, which combine at the cell surface as a receptor complex.

Function of CD97 Antigen Membrane Protein

CD97 antigen is the most broadly expressed GPCR (G-protein coupled receptor) member with roles in cell adhesion, migration and regulation of intercellular junctions. CD97 antigen contains multiple extracellular EGF-like repeats which mediate the bond with chondroitin sulfate B and decay accelerating factor (DAF/CD55). The ligands of CD97 also include α5β1 and αvβ3 integrins, as well as CD90 (Thy-1). CD97 antigen is also found in a variety of human malignancies including those of the stomach, thyroid, brain, and colon. It confers an invasive phenotype and has been shown to be associated with tumor grade, metastatic spread, lymph node invasion, and overall prognosis. CD97 antigen may play a role in both adhesion and signaling processes early after activation of leukocyte. It also may be involved in cell adhesion as well as leukocyte recruitment, activation, and migration (by similarity). Furthermore, CD97 is likely to play a role in auto-inflammatory diseases. And due to its role in tumor invasion and angiogenesis, CD97 is becoming an attractive therapeutic target.

Fig.1 Representation of the secondary structure of GPCRs. (Karnik, 2016)

Application of CD97 Antigen Membrane Protein in Literature

1. Ward Y., et al. Platelets promote metastasis via binding tumor CD97 leading to bidirectional signaling that coordinates transendothelial migration. Cell Rep. 2017, 23(3):808-822. PubMed ID: 29669286
   
   

   This article suggests that CD97 is necessary for tumor cell-induced vascular permeability in vivo and metastasis formation in preclinical models. The results support that the targeted blockade of tumor CD97 as an approach to ameliorate metastatic spread.

2. Zhao W., et al. Lentivirus-mediated overexpression of CD97/ADGRE5 reverses dysregulated high glucose-induced endothelial cell migration. Mol Med Rep. 2017, 15(5):3048-3054. PubMed ID: 28358422
   
   

   This article focuses on the role of CD97 in diabetes mellitus and indicates that the overexpression of CD97 improves high glucose-induced dysfunction of endothelial cell migration, which provides insight to assist in identifying therapeutic targets with potential to ameliorate certain vascular complications of diabetes.

3. Meng Z.W., et al. Expression and prognostic value of soluble CD97 and its ligand CD55 in intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma. Tumour Biol. 2017, 39(3):1010428317694319. PubMed ID: 28345461
   
   

   This study indicates that biliary soluble CD97 can be regarded as a new biological marker of intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma for early diagnosis, prediction of lymph node metastasis and poor prognosis, and discovery of a therapeutic target.

4. Yang L.Y., et al. Biochemical features of the adhesion G protein-coupled receptor CD97 related to its auto-proteolysis and HeLa cell attachment activities. Acta Pharmacol Sin. 2017, 38(1):56-68. PubMed ID: 27641734
   
   

   Authors in this group are aimed to elucidate the extracellular molecular basis of the CD97 EGF1-5 isoform in protein expression, auto-proteolysis, and cell adhesion, including epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like domain, GPCR autoproteolysis-inducing (GAIN) domain, as well as GPS mutagenesis and N-glycosylation.

5. Liu D., et al. CD97 promotion of gastric carcinoma lymphatic metastasis is exosome dependent. Gastric Cancer. 2016, 19(3):754-66. PubMed ID: 26233326
   
   

   This article shows the CD97 small isoform promotes SGC-L cell lymphatic metastasis exosome dependently and aided by the soluble fraction, the exosome-dependent CD97 plays a pivotal role in pre-metastatic niche formation.

CD97 Antigen Preparation Options

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Reference

1. Karnik S S, et al. (2003). Activation of G-protein-coupled receptors: a common molecular mechanism. Trends in Endocrinology & Metabolism. 14(9), pp.431-437.

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