Bacterial infections are urgent threats to human health, especially in light of rising rates of antibiotic resistance, and their ubiquity demands the development of efficient diagnostic platform. Electrochemical biosensors are garnering interest due to their speed, sensitivity, and selectivity as well as user-friendly operation. With rich experience in biosensor development and anti-bacterial research, Creative Biolabs provides bacterial detection services for worldwide clients by electrochemical biosensing.
The routine diagnosis of bacterial infections includes cell culture, nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) detection, and immunological techniques (antigen-antibody interaction). These detection methods have many advantages in dealing with complex samples, such as sensitivity and specificity. However, they are indeed time-consuming, cumbersome and highly rely on well-trained operators. These characteristics make them unsuitable for rapid diagnostics. In contrast, biosensors are portable, economical, and easy to operate, so they are more beneficial for point-of-care and on-site detection applications.
Fig.1 Bacterial detection using direct and alternating current-based electrochemical biosensors. (Karbelkar, 2020)
Currently, two main classes of electrochemical biosensors have been widely used, namely direct current (DC) and alternative current (AC)-based biosensors. Biorecognition elements for electrochemical biosensors, playing a role as a link between sensors and biological research, can be defined as biocatalytic or biocomplexing. Antibody and antibody fragments, peptides, oligonucleotides, and phages are the most commonly used biocomplexing biorecognition elements for bacteria detection. In general, affinity-based sensors are preferred over enzymatic biosensors for the detection of bacteria, due to their enhanced selectivity and specificity and lack of extra reagents required.
A variety of surface antigens presented on the envelopes of whole bacteria such as proteins, glycoproteins, lipopolysaccharides, and peptidoglycan can act as targets for biorecognition. Polyclonal antibodies (pAbs) raised against specific bacterial strains and monoclonal antibody (mAb) raised against specific antigen are the most commonly used bioreceptors for whole bacterial cell detection. Potentiometric, amperometric, and impedimetric electrochemical biosensors have been deeply researched by scientists at Creative Biolabs. Our rich experience in the preparation of biorecognition elements will definitely play an important role in the construction of biosensors. To fully achieve point-of-care detection of bacterial pathogens, key improvements have been made in electrochemical biosensors. We have conducted unremitting research in the following areas.
Fig.2 Bacterial architecture and targets for biosensing. (Ahmed, 2014)
Electrochemical biosensors can take the leading position in this area. Advancements in nanobiotechnology and biomolecular engineering and developments in particle research are moving this field quickly toward its destination. If you are interested in bacteria detection by electrochemical biosensor, please feel free to contact us for more information.
References
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