Creative Biolabs has established a comprehensive IVD platform that allows us to offer comprehensive in vitro diagnostic (IVD) antibody & immunoassay development services to global clients. Our services can be customized to target various biomarkers with the potential for disease diagnosis or prognosis. Here, we briefly introduce the potential of 70 kDa heat shock protein (HSP70) as a biomarker for disease diagnosis.
The three-dimensional structure of the protein is determined by the amino acid sequence but protein folding always influenced by many factors. In general, the protein can fold itself but sometimes need the assistance of chaperones to reach the native state. Heat shock protein (HSP) is the important subgroup of chaperones and HSP70 is a member of the HSPs family. The structure of HSP70s contains three domains, which are a 44 kDa amino-terminal ATPase domain (NBD), an 18 kDa substrate-binding domain (SBD) and a 10 kDa C-terminal domain (CTD). The coordinated action of all these three domains is required for the HSP70 functions. As the major group of Hsps family, HSP70s has high structural homology and conserved functional properties to be expressed in all cell types from bacteria to human, even plants. The HSP70 system played a role in a variety of biological processes, including protein degradation, transmembrane transport of proteins, cell protection from thermal and oxidative stress, disposal of damaged or defective proteins, inhibition of apoptosis, etc.
Fig.1 HSP70 in the hallmarks of cancer.1
Elevated or decreased serum levels of HSP70 has been reported to be associated with different human diseases. Gehrmann et al. (2014) suggested sHsp70 as a potential biomarker for detecting tumors and for monitoring the clinical outcome of radiotherapy in patients with squamous cell carcinoma of the head and neck. Gunaldi et al. (2015) reported significantly higher serum levels of HSP70 in patients with breast cancer compared to healthy women. Tang et al. (2018) detected the circulating HSP70 levels in lung cancer patients and the results indicated that circulating HSP70 significantly decreased in lung cancer patients compared to healthy controls. They also concluded that decreased circulating HSP70 levels, in combination with elevated CEA and CA 19-9, could be utilized in the diagnosis of early (stage I and II) lung cancer. Besides cancers, the diagnostic or prognostic role of circulating HSP70 has also been reported in other diseases. For instance, Boskabadi et al. (2015) reported serum concentrations of Hsp70 antigen may be a useful marker for the early diagnosis of that prenatal hypoxia. Al-Sayed et al. (2017) reported the potential of HSP70 and YKL-40 to be used as markers for diagnosis and monitoring of disease activity in patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA).
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References
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