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HighlightsIntroduction of CCR-9
CCR-9, also known as cluster of differentiation w199 (CDw199), GPR28 or GPR-9-6, is a member of the beta chemokine receptor family, which in human is encoded by CCR9 gene. CCR-9 is supposed to be a seven transmembrane protein similar to G protein-coupled receptors. It is predominantly found in immature T lymphocytes and on the surface of intestinal cells. The specific ligand of CCR-9 has been identified to be CCL25 (also known as SCYA25 or TECK).
| Basic Information of CCR-9 | |
| Protein Name | C-C chemokine receptor type 9 |
| Gene Name | CCR9 |
| Aliases | G-protein coupled receptor 28, GPR-9-6, CDw199 |
| Organism | Homo sapiens (Human) |
| UniProt ID | P51686 |
| Transmembrane Times | 7 |
| Length (aa) | 369 |
| Sequence |
MTPTDFTSPIPNMADDYGSESTSSMEDYVNFNFTDFYCEKNNVRQFASHFLPPLYWLVFIVGALGNSLVI LVYWYCTRVKTMTDMFLLNLAIADLLFLVTLPFWAIAAADQWKFQTFMCKVVNSMYKMNFYSCVLLIMCI SVDRYIAIAQAMRAHTWREKRLLYSKMVCFTIWVLAAALCIPEILYSQIKEESGIAICTMVYPSDESTKL KSAVLTLKVILGFFLPFVVMACCYTIIIHTLIQAKKSSKHKALKVTITVLTVFVLSQFPYNCILLVQTID AYAMFISNCAVSTNIDICFQVTQTIAFFHSCLNPVLYVFVGERFRRDLVKTLKNLGCISQAQWVSFTRRE GSLKLSSMLLETTSGALSL |
Function of CCR-9 Membrane Protein
It has been indicated that CCR-9 may play a role in the thymocytes recruitment and development and may permit functional specialization of immune responses in different segment of the gastrointestinal tract. The bond of CCR-9 and CCL25 subsequently transduces a signal by increasing the intracellular calcium ions level. CCR9 has also been found to play a role in various cancer, including breast, prostate, ovarian, and lung cancer. The stimulation of CCR9 with its ligand CCL25 promotes metastatic process by supporting cell migration, invasion and modulating MMP (matrix metalloproteinases), the expression of which is required for invasion. Moreover, several studies have suggested that CCR-9 is highly expressed in a range of cancer cells. The interaction of CCR9/CCL25 has been suggesting to activate several signaling pathways in cancer, especially those involved in tumor chemoresistance and metastasis. Accordingly, CCR-9 has been regarded as a potentially targeted molecule for cancer therapy.
Fig.1 Ribbon representation of CCR-9 (cyan) viewed parallel to the membrane (Oswald, 2016).
Application of CCR-9 Membrane Protein in Literature
1. Igaki K., et al. MLN3126, an antagonist of the chemokine receptor CCR9, ameliorates inflammation in a T cell mediated mouse colitis model. Int Immunopharmacol. 2018, 60: 160-169. PubMed ID: 29730559
Authors in this group investigate the efficacy of an orally available small molecular compound, called MLN3126, for inflammatory bowel disease (IBD). The findings indicate that MLN3126 would be a promising orally available CCR9 antagonist to treat colonic IBD.
2. Weingrill R.B., et al. Chemokine (C-C motif) ligand 25 expressed by trophoblast cells and leukocytes bearing its receptor Ccr9: An alliance during embryo implantation? Am J Reprod Immunol. 2018, 79(1). PubMed ID: 29154408
The author of this article hypothesized that trophoblast expression of Ccl25 attracts a specific leukocyte cell population to the implantation site for local regulation. The findings support CR9-axis at the maternal-fetal interface in mice, which may be involved in immune regulatory mechanisms during embryo implantation.
3. Tu Z., et al. CCR9 in cancer: oncogenic role and therapeutic targeting. J Hematol Oncol. 2016, 9: 10. PubMed ID: 26879872
This article focuses on CCR9 induction activity and summarizes what is currently known regarding its role in cancers and its potential application in tumor-targeted therapy.
4. Yokoyama W., et al. Abrogation of CC chemokine receptor 9 ameliorates collagen-induced arthritis of mice. Purinergic Signal. 2014, 16(5): 445. PubMed ID: 25248373
This article reports the interaction between CCL25 and CCR9 may play important roles in cell infiltration into the RA synovial tissues and inflammatory mediator production and suggests that blocking CCL25 or CCR9 may represent a novel safe therapy for RA.
5. Chu P.S., et al. C-C motif chemokine receptor 9 positive macrophages activate hepatic stellate cells and promote liver fibrosis in mice. Hepatology. 2013, 58(1): 337-50. PubMed ID: 23460364
This article focuses on revealing the importance of CCR9 positive macrophages in the pathogenesis of acute liver inflammation.
CCR-9 Preparation Options
To meet your specific requirements, we present robust reconstitution forms as well as multiple active formats for membrane proteins. Our fabulous Magic™ membrane protein production platform allows many flexible options, by which you can always find the most appropriate one for your project. Aided by our versatile Magic™ anti-membrane protein antibody discovery platform, we also provide customized anti-CCR-9 antibody development services.
With years of experience and advanced technology, Creative Biolabs offers expert support for membrane protein studies with best-in-class membrane protein preparation strategies and procedures. Our scientific team offers not only regular membrane protein preparation services but also customized services based on the requirements of our clients, with a great value service with exceptional quality and rapid reporting. Please feel free to contact us for more information.
Reference
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