NPY4R Membrane Protein Introduction

Introduction of NPY4R

Neuropeptide Y receptor 4 (NPY4R) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NPY4R gene. It is also know as Pancreatic polypeptide receptor 1 and a member of the Neuropeptide Y receptor family. It also belongs to the G-protein-coupled receptor superfamily. NPY receptor family comprises four functional NPY receptor subtypes (Y1R, Y2R, Y4R Y5R), it exerts a variety of physiological processes in humans via four different receptor subtypes. NPY4R involve in the control of appetite and energy metabolism. It also responds to pancreatic polypeptide (PP).

Function of NPY4R Membrane Protein

The NPY4R is predominantly expressed in peripheral tissues such as the pancreas, colon, liver, heart, and intestine. Importantly, it responds to pancreatic polypeptide (PP). This gene is a strong candidate for body weight regulation because PP is the preferential agonist of the Y4 receptor and functions as a satiety signal via the Y4 receptors. There are four NPY-family receptors in humans and all of them are expressed in the brain, especially in the hypothalamic regions that are involved in the control of appetite and energy metabolism as well as in the periphery. Peripheral administration of PP decreases the hypothalamic expression of the potent hunger stimulants NPY, ghrelin and orexin, and increases anorexigenic urocortin in animal models. So NPY4R might play a significant role in obesity.

Fig.1 Neuropeptide Y in atherosclerosis and obesity. (Osherovich, 2009)

Application of NPY4R Membrane Protein in Literature

1. Aerts E., et al. CNV analysis and mutation screening indicate an important role for the NPY4R gene in human obesity. Obesity. 2016, 24(4): 970-6. PubMed ID: 26921218.
   
   

   The authors hypothesized that both genetic and structural variation in NPY4R might be implicated in the pathogenesis of obesity. Their data support an essential role for genetic and structural variation within the NPY4R gene in the pathogenesis of obesity.

2. Keire D.A., et al. Structure and receptor binding of PYY analogs. Peptides. 2002, 23(2): 305-21. PubMed ID: 11825645.
   
   

   This article says the structure of PYY is proposed that potent binding to Y1, Y4, and Y5 receptors requires the juxtaposition of the two termini while Y2 binding only requires the C-terminal helix. And further experiments that delineate between primary and tertiary structure contributions for receptor binding and activation are required to support the hypothesis that tertiary structure is stable enough to influence the expression of PYY's bioactivity.

3. Zou C., et al. Studies of the structure of the N-terminal domain from the Y4 receptor - a G protein-coupled receptor - and its interaction with hormones from the NPY family. Chembiochem. 2008, 9(14): 2276-84. PubMed ID: 18767100.
   
   

   This article has investigated whether additional binding sites exist within the N-terminal domain, as studied in the form of binding of peptides from the neuropeptide Y (NPY) family to the N terminus of the Y4 receptor (N-Y4), and found the N-terminal domain of the Y4 receptor has been expressed in isotopically enriched form and studied by solution NMR spectroscopy.

4. Wanka L., et al. C-terminal motif of human neuropeptide Y4 receptor determines internalization and arrestin recruitment. Cellular signaling. 2017, 29: 233-9. PubMed ID: 27818291.
   
   

   This article aimed to investigate the molecular mechanism of hY4R desensitization and endocytosis and identified the internalization motif for the human NPY4R, which regulates arrestin-3 recruitment and receptor endocytosis.

5. Wang Z., et al. Protein 4.1N acts as a potential tumor suppressor linking PP1 to JNK-c-Jun pathway regulation in NSCLC. Oncotarget. 2016, 7(1): 509-23. PubMed ID: 26575790.
   
   

   This article identified PP1 as a novel 4.1N-interacting molecule, and the FERM domain of 4.1N mediated the interaction between 4.1N and PP1. Further, ectopic expression of 4.1N could inactivate the JNK-c-Jun signaling pathway through enhancing PP1 activity and interaction between PP1 and p-JNK.

NPY4R Preparation Options

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Reference

1. Osherovich, L. (2009). Wising up to NPYs. Science-Business eXchange. 2(4), 123-123.

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