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BST2

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All listed services and products are For Research Use Only. Do Not use in any diagnostic or therapeutic applications.

Background

Bone marrow stromal cell antigen 2 (BST2) is a dual-anchored transmembrane glycoprotein encoded by the BST2 gene, composed of extracellular coiled-coil domain, single transmembrane segment and cytoplasmic immune signaling tail, and acts as a core scaffold subunit mediating membrane tethering and immune receptor complex assembly. BST2 is widely expressed across stromal, epithelial and myeloid cell populations, serving as a molecular platform linking viral particle confinement and downstream innate immune kinase recruitment upon pathogen stimulation.

BST2 exerts its biological effects through membrane cross-linking and receptor co-assembly at cell surface bilayers, a mechanism that stabilizes extracellular vesicle and virion anchoring and modulates intracellular antiviral signal cascade activation efficiency. Unlike ligand-specific immune receptors, BST2 cannot independently initiate full immune signal cascades and relies on membrane oligomerization to sustain complete signal output; it recruits cytoplasmic signal mediators to assembled membrane complexes, uncoupling extracellular pathogen retention from intracellular immune transcription factor activation and maintaining persistent tissue antiviral response signals. This dual regulatory mode adjusts the magnitude of local immune responses after pathogen exposure, fine-tuning resident immune cell activation and cytokine secretion levels, while sustained abnormal BST2-mediated membrane signaling drives imbalanced antiviral surveillance and inflammatory tissue lesions. BST2 participates in key physiological and pathological processes including viral particle restriction, innate immune priming, stromal tissue homeostasis and chronic infectious inflammatory disorders. Dysregulation of BST2 expression or membrane oligomerization capacity is closely associated with compromised anti-pathogen defense and dysregulated inflammatory responses, making BST2 a crucial research target for antiviral immune signaling, stromal cell biology and infectious disease research.

Fig. 1 BST2 full-length domain structure and homodimer crystal conformation. (OA Literature)Fig. 1 Domain architecture and crystal structure of human BST2, marking intracellular signaling motifs, disulfide bond sites, N-glycosylation residues and coiled-coil dimerization interface.1

BST2 Protein Function: Core Roles in Membrane Scaffold Assembly and Antiviral Immune Homeostasis

The biological functions of BST2 are focused on membrane oligomerization, cross-talked innate immune signal propagation and stromal tissue immune balance:

  • Membrane Scaffold Modulation: Forms homo-oligomeric membrane complexes to stabilize extracellular particle anchoring and adjust downstream antiviral signal activity, the primary molecular mechanism of BST2-mediated regulation.
  • Innate Immune Signal Tuning: Recruits cytoplasmic signaling kinases to modulate antiviral transcription factor activation, balancing early stromal immune response dynamics.
  • Pathogen Immune Mediation: Regulates coordinated secretion of immune mediators to coordinate local tissue anti-microbial reactions.
  • Stromal Immune Surveillance: Modulates pathogen-triggered membrane signaling to maintain controlled antiviral immune defense.
  • Disease Relevance: Abnormal BST2 expression is closely related to impaired viral restriction and chronic inflammatory pathologies, making it a key target for antiviral immune signaling research.

BST2 Protein Product

Creative Biolabs offers high-purity BST2 proteins through optimized heterologous expression systems, including full-length BST2 and isolated extracellular coiled-coil domain variants with modified glycosylation status. These products retain native conformational characteristics and membrane oligomer binding activity, suitable for antiviral immune signaling research, membrane complex interaction detection, and small molecule immune modulator screening for infectious disorder research. All BST2 proteins undergo strict quality control, including purity analysis and biological activity validation to preserve core receptor function.

BST2 Protein Product

Not finding the membrane protein product you need? Contact us to start your one-stop custom service!

BST2 Stable Cell Line Product

Creative Biolabs provides custom-engineered BST2 stable cell lines, including overexpressing and knockdown models in stromal and myeloid cell models. These cell lines are optimized for studying BST2-mediated membrane oligomer assembly mechanisms, antiviral signal cascade dynamics, and immune modulator sensitivity. Each cell line undergoes stringent validation, including stable expression detection and functional integrity verification.

BST2 Stable Cell Line Product

Not finding the stable cell line product you need? Contact us to start your one-stop custom service!

BST2 Recombinant Antibody Product

High-specificity recombinant antibodies targeting BST2 are developed via advanced antibody engineering technologies, with no cross-reactivity with other membrane scaffold subunits. These antibodies are validated for multiple applications, including immunofluorescence for BST2 membrane localization, Western blot for expression analysis, and co-immunoprecipitation for BST2-membrane complex research, enabling precise analysis of BST2 expression, subcellular localization and functional regulation.

BST2 Recombinant Antibody Product

Not finding the recombinant antibody product you need? Contact us to start your one-stop custom service!

Product Features

  • Native Membrane Oligomer Binding Activity: Retains conformational characteristics and specific cell surface scaffold assembly ability, accurately simulating endogenous antiviral membrane tethering and stromal immune signal transduction processes.
  • Membrane Scaffold Specificity: Validated for selective binding to BST2 structural epitopes with no cross-reactivity with other membrane coiled-coil proteins, supporting specific antiviral immune signaling research.
  • Stromal Research Compatibility: Optimized for stromal and myeloid research systems, providing reliable tools for immune modulator development and mechanism exploration.
  • Comprehensive Customization Support: Enables end-to-end development of tailored BST2 proteins, antibodies, and stable cell lines to meet diverse infectious and innate immune research needs.

Custom BST2 Research Services

Beyond catalog products, Creative Biolabs offers specialized custom services for BST2 research:

  • Custom BST2 Protein Production: Tailored expression of BST2 variants, including oligomerization-defective mutants, tagged proteins, and fusion proteins with other antiviral signaling mediators.
  • Custom Antibody Development: Generation of BST2-specific antibodies for localization assays and BST2-membrane complex analysis, as well as functional blocking assays for BST2 research.
  • Stable Cell Line Engineering: Custom BST2-expressing stromal and myeloid cell lines and antiviral signal reporter cell lines, with functional validation of membrane oligomer formation and immune signal output.
  • Functional Assay Development: Design of BST2-mediated membrane tethering assays, antiviral signal activity analysis assays, and immune regulatory small molecule screening assays.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

  1. What is the primary function of BST2?

    BST2 is a dual-anchored membrane scaffold protein that forms surface homo-oligomers to retain extracellular viral particles, modulate pathogen-induced immune signal amplitude, balance stromal tissue immune response dynamics, and mediate innate immune activation upon microbial stimulation.

  2. Why is BST2 a significant research target?

    BST2 is a core regulator of membrane viral restriction and stromal innate immune homeostasis, and its dysregulation is associated with weakened antiviral defense and chronic inflammatory lesions. It is a critical target for antiviral membrane protein and infectious disease research.

  3. Are Creative Biolabs' BST2 products suitable for clinical use?

    No, all BST2 products and services are strictly for research use only, not intended for clinical diagnosis or treatment.

  4. What types of BST2 products does Creative Biolabs offer?

    Offerings include BST2 proteins (full-length, extracellular coiled-coil domain variants), specific recombinant antibodies, and custom stable stromal cell lines, supporting antiviral and inflammatory research.

  5. How are BST2 proteins validated for activity?

    BST2 proteins are validated by membrane oligomer binding assays and antiviral signal regulation verification to ensure native regulatory function in innate immune research.

Reference
  1. Zhao, Yifei, et al. "Multi-functional BST2/tetherin against HIV-1, other viruses and LINE-1." Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology 12 (2022): 979091. Under Open Access license CC BY 4.0, without modification. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2022.979091
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