CD38 (Cluster of differentiation 38), also referred to ADPRC1 (Cyclic ADP ribose hydrolase), is a 42kDa non-lineage-restricted, type II membrane glycoprotein that is encoded in humans by the CD38 gene mapping at the chromosome 4p15.32. This ecto-enzyme can synthesize and hydrolyze cyclic adenosine 5'-diphosphate-ribose acting as an intracellular calcium ion mobilizing messenger. It is present on the surface of numerous immune cells, including B lymphocytes, natural killer (NK) cells, and CD4+ and CD8+ cells. CD38 as a transmembrane receptor is involved in cell proliferation, differentiation, activation, and apoptosis. The report shows that has associations with the human B cell receptor (BCR). CD38 also plays a role in signal transduction, calcium signal and cell adhesion. It has been identified as a prognostic marker for chronic lymphocytic leukemia. CD59 molecule (Complement regulatory protein), also referred to CD59 antigen, MIRL (Membrane inhibitor of reactive lysis), MAC-IP (MAC-inhibitory protein) or protectin, is a 20kDa GPI-anchored cell surface glycoprotein, encoded in humans by CD59 gene that localized at the chromosome 11p13. It has sites for both N- and O-glycosylation and is a member of the LY6/uPAR/alpha-neurotoxin protein family. CD59 is a single chain of 128 amino acids, structurally homologous to snake venom neurotoxins. This protein is expressed virtually in all or tissues and in almost all cell types. CD59 plays a role in regulating complement-mediated cell lysis and participates in lymphocyte signal transduction. It is a potent inhibitor of the complement membrane attack complex and its expression essential for the survival of erythrocytes upon homologous complement activation.