As a leading CRO of antibody generation and development, Creative Biolabs offers application-specific antibody development services to global clients. With experienced scientists and advanced technology, we have established a series of high-quality in vitro diagnostic (IVD) antibody development services against biomarkers of different diseases. Here, we introduce our IVD antibody development services for glycine marker.
Glycine, a nonessential amino acid, enables to be acquired through food intake or endogenously synthesized from threonine, serine, choline, as well as glyoxylate in the liver and kidney. It is a major component of collagen and is exploited in the synthesis of many crucial biologically compounds, such as creatine, purines, glutathione and glucose. Glycine also displays antioxidative and anti-inflammatory functions, and has been inversely connected with a variety of common cardiovascular risk factors, such as hypertension, obesity and diabetes mellitus. Several evidences show that glycine-dependent reactions are related to cholesterol transport and lipid homeostasis. Besides, glycine is used to catabolize redundant S-adenosylmethionine through its remethylation into sarcosine by the enzyme glycine-N-methyltransferase (GNMT). Interference in these reactions results in lipid accumulation both in the macrophages and in liver, which further enhances LDL-induced foam cell generation in the artery wall. Thereby, glycine may impact lipid metabolism and thus further regulate the risk of coronary artery disease (CAD).
Figure 1. The molecular structure of glycine. Glycine is a nonessential amino acid played important roles in the antioxidative and anti-inflammatory functions.
Glycine Marker of Diabetes
Diabetes is a situation in which the body unable to use the ingested glucose appropriately. Insulin therapy is usually an essential part of diabetes treatment. Insulin resistance is a condition in which a given concentration of insulin forms a less-than-expected biological effect. Insulin resistance is correlated with an increased risk of developing cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality. Studies have found important connections between glycine with HOMA-IR, intermuscular adipose tissue (IMAT), subcutaneous adipose tissue (SCAT) and abdominal adiposity, displaying that glycine is a potential serum biomarker of both insulin sensitivity and regional fat mass. In addition, researches have shown that treatment with glycine may have a helpful effect on innate and adaptive immune responses and help avoid tissue injury induced by chronic inflammation in patients with Type 2 diabetes.
Figure 2. Connections between glycine, serine, folate, homocysteine, and betaine in folate metabolism and homocysteine metabolism. (Xie, W. 2013)
Glycine Marker of Acute Myocardial Infarction
AMI is induced by necrosis of myocardial tissue through ischaemia, generally on account of blockages of a coronary artery by a thrombus. The majority of AMI are anterior or inferior, however, may influence the posterior wall of the left ventricle to result in a posterior myocardial infarction. Recently, researches have demonstrated that plasma glycine was correlated with reduced risk of AMI in patients with suspected stable angina pectoris. This connection was especially potent in those with apoB, LDL cholesterol, or apoA-1 levels above the median. They also suggested that glycine may play an important role in modulating lipid metabolism and cholesterol transport in patients with atherosclerosis.
Figure 3. Dose-response connections between (log-transformed) plasma glycine and risk of AMI. (Ding, Y. 2016)
Antibodies are core elements for antibody-based immunoassays for detecting and quantifying antigens of interest in all kinds of samples such as the serum, urine, tissue preparations, and so on. IVD antibodies are extensively used for disease screening, prognosis, and therapeutic monitoring. With our versatile IVD platform, Creative Biolabs is proud to develop novel anti-glycine antibody from scratch to commercial IVD kit (we can also start with provided antibody candidates). If you are interested in our services, please do not hesitate to contact us for more details.
References
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