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Complement Component 5
Complement component 5 (C5), is the fifth component of complement, is playing an important role in inflammatory and cell killing processes. This protein is composed of α and β polypeptide chains that are linked by a disulfide bridge. Following a general trend in the pharmaceutical industry, antibody-based therapeutics appears to be the most rapidly growing drug class against complement-related diseases. Current drug candidates in the pipeline focus primarily on the inhibition of downstream processes around C5 and its cleavage fragment, the anaphylatoxin C5a. Selective inhibition of C5 using monoclonal antibodies (mAb) has been considered a promising therapeutic option for many years.
Fig. 1 The complement system pathway.1
Example: Anti-C5 Antibody
A humanized Anti-C5 monoclonal antibody can be used as a medication used to treat paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH) and atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), functioning as a terminal complement inhibitor. In people with PNH, it reduces both the destruction of red blood cells and the need for blood transfusion but does not appear to affect the risk of death. However, people who use it are greatly at risk for meningococcal infections.
Another drug designed to reduce side effects of coronary artery bypass grafting and angioplasty, among other types of cardiac surgery, which is a single chain variable fragment of a monoclonal antibody targeted against component 5 of the complement system.
Creative Biolabs has long-term devoted to the drug development for C5. With years of experience, our scientists have developed drug discovery platform including drug design, expression, analysis, screening and so on. More than that, we can specifically tailor to boost our global customers’ research and project goal. If you are interested in our antibody development service, please contact us by more details.
Reference
1. From Wikipedia: commons: By user:Kimbar, CC BY-SA 3.0 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Formowanie_MAC.svg
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Questions & Answer
A: Complement component 5 (C5) is part of the complement system and is a protein encoded by the C5 gene. C5 is a molecule that functions in the late stages of complement activation. It plays an important role in inflammation and defense against pathogens. Activation of the complement system triggers a protein hydrolysis cascade that eventually leads to the cleavage of the C5 protein into two fragments, C5a and C5b. C5a increases vascular permeability and attracts inflammatory cells. C5b forms the first part of the complement membrane attack complex.
A: The final step in the destruction of foreign antigens by the complement system is the formation of a structure called the membrane attack complex (MAC). The complement C5 protein is a key element in its formation. On the one hand, a deficiency of C5 is thought to cause Leiner's disease. Defects in the C5 gene have also been linked to susceptibility to liver fibrosis and rheumatoid arthritis. On the other hand, when the complement system does not function properly, it can lead to the erroneous destruction of healthy cells and tissues, resulting in a range of diseases. C5 could be an important target for the treatment of these diseases. For example, paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria, atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome, sickle cell disease, etc.
A: Complement therapies have exploded in the past few years, with the majority of drugs in development targeting C5 proteins. Monoclonal antibodies that target C5 or its breakdown products to block complement are anti-complement C5 drugs. These antibodies can target C5 to block its cleavage by convertases, thereby inhibiting the production of C5a and C5b, or target C5a or C5b to inhibit its binding to the primary receptor.
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