In recent years, the emerging of fungal/bacterial resistance to antifungal/antibacterial drugs has highlighted the need for establishing clinical correlation with in vitro antimicrobial profiles. Given this, Creative Biolabs' professional drug discovery team provides you several broth and agar-based methods for determining microbiological characters, which include the following:
In Vitro Susceptibility Testing
Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) and the Subcommittee of European Committee on Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST) have established two standards for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (AST). The standard methods described in two documents treat minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) as an index to determine the susceptibility. Under defined test conditions, three levels of activity of an antifungal drug are permitted: "susceptible" (S), "intermediate" (I) and "resistant" (R).
Creative Biolabs provides both broth-based and agar-based assays for evaluating MIC. For broth-based assays, broth macrodilution and broth microdilution are provided. For agar-based assays, disk diffusion, Etest, and colorimetric assays are provided. We also suggest a high-throughput assay by detecting the growth spectrophotometrically.
Minimum Inhibitory Concentration (MIC) is defined as the lowest concentration of an antimicrobial ingredient or agent that inhibits visible growth of microorganisms after overnight incubation. MIC has been served as the standard research tool for the determination of the in vitro activity for new antimicrobials.
Minimum Bactericidal Concentration (MBC) refers to the minimum concentration of an antimicrobial drug that causes a 3-logarithmic decrease (99.9% killing) in the size of the standard inoculum. MBC test has been a powerful method to compare the germ-killing activity of several antimicrobial agents at once, for screening purposes.
Minimum Biofilm Inhibitory Concentration (MBIC) is defined as the lowest concentration of the antimicrobial agent to inhibit the initial formation of biofilm. At this concentration, there was no time-dependent increase in the average number of viable cells in the biofilm.
Establishing dose-response relationship has a wide range of applications, for example, ascertaining the magnitude of the clinical responses caused by different pharmacokinetic and labeling dosage and administration instructions. Creative Biolabs provides you dose-response determination service to help identify a safety dose and give suggestions for dosage adjustment according to a particular circumstance.
Time-kill analysis, which describes the relationship between the concentration of antimicrobials and the microorganism net growth rate, provides more detailed information than the MIC only. Creative Biolabs provides in vitro time-kill curve service and estimates growth rates at each antimicrobial concentration. Time-kill analysis helps in preventing antimicrobial resistance and has the potential utility for dosing strategies to treat infective disease.
Synergistic and Antagonistic Effects Testing
Novel antimicrobial and/or new approaches to combat infective microorganism are urgently needed. Pay attention to drug interactions is critical and economical for new therapeutic methods. Creative Biolabs provides in vitro assays to measure the combinational effects of drugs in the ways of synergistic, indifference and antagonistic. We calculated the MIC and dose-response curve to discern these effects.
The post-antibiotic effect is defined as the delayed regrowth of bacteria or fungi following exposure to an antibiotic. PAE is an important character of pharmacodynamics and is an attractive property for drug discovery process. We provide PAE assessment to support your drug discovery process. If PAE is determined, it would be possible to extend the dosing interval of an antimicrobial agent. Several potential advantages, including reducing cost, less toxicity, and better compliance, are warranted.
In the development of antibacterial drugs, when two or more drugs are tested together simultaneously, different phenotypic effects may arise, such as synergism, additivity, antagonism, and indifference. To better evaluate the effect of two combined antimicrobial drugs, there are two different synergy testing methods, E test and the checkerboard.
The luminescent cell viability assay is a highly sensitive homogenous method to quantify the ATP present. in cell cultures. Because ATP is an indicator of metabolically active cells, the amount of ATP available can be used to assess the number of viable cells.
Antibiotic resistance can be achieved through different channels, such as the horizontal acquisition of resistance genes, recombination of foreign DNA into the chromosome, or mutations in different chromosomal loci. Creative Biolabs provides a series of resistance studies that help predict the frequency of emergence of resistant mutants.
Bacterial proteases are a broad collection of enzymes that play important roles in cell viability, stress response, and pathogenicity. A series of bacterial proteases offer an arsenal of novel antibiotic targets ripe in response to the worsening antibiotics crisis. We can provide neutral bacterial protease detection services, i.e. determine bacterial protease units.
Since lethal antimicrobial activity is always required for the treatment of deep-seated infections, the novel serum bactericidal activity (SBA) assay has been developed as a comprehensive indicator of antimicrobial pharmacodynamics and pharmacokinetics.
Produced by bacteria, β-lactamases are enzymes present multi-resistance to β-lactam antibiotics, including penicillins, cephalosporins, cephamycins, monobactams, as well as carbapenems. Creative Biolabs provides a simple method to measure β-lactamase activity in food, fermentation samples, and biological samples.
Creative Biolabs will be with you at every step of your way. For more detailed information, please feel free to contact us or directly sent us an inquiry.
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