C5aR, also known as C5a receptor, is a ∼47 kDa glycoprotein receptor for C5a. Up to now, two C5a receptors have been cloned and identified, including C5AR1 (CD88) and C5AR2 (C5L2). These receptors are found on granulocytes, monocytes, mast cells, subsets of dendritic cells, as well as astrocytes and microglia. They are the member of the rhodopsin family of G-protein coupled receptors (GPCR) which contains a common structural motif of seven membrane-spanning domains linked together by three extracellular and three intracellular hydrophilic loops.
Acting as a complement receptor, C5aR is involved in the regulation of inflammatory responses, obesity, development, and cancers. C5AR signaling plays a key role in initiating neutrophil inflammation in immune complex (IC)-induced peritonitis. C5aR signaling initiates the inflammatory cascade by its effector effects on infiltrating and resident peritoneal cells, or by changing the balance between activation and inhibition of F on resident cells toward an inflammatory phenotype. C5AR signaling has been also shown to act as a key role in promoting tumor growth by regulating anti-tumor immunity. C5aR signaling can suppress the recruitment and function of CD4+ and CD8+ T cells in breast tumor-bearing mice. Besides, C5aR signaling is also involved in the generation of many inflammatory cytokines such as IL-8, IL-6, IL-17, and TNF-alpha, as well as a variety of leukocyte responses such as chemotaxis, homotypic aggregation, and upregulation of the number of CR1, CR3, and CR4 exposed on external membrane surfaces. C5aR has been considered as a promising therapeutic target for autoimmune and inflammatory disease syndromes due to its important role in mediating inflammatory responses.
Fig. 1 Structure of C5aR.1
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From Wikipedia: By Kohidai, L., CC BY-SA 3.0 https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:C5a-receptor.png
Fig. 1 Structure of C5aR.1