IL1α (Interleukin 1 alpha), also referred to IL-1A, IL1F1 or hematopoietin 1, is an about 17 kDa non-glycosylated single chain protein with 159 amino acids. The protein encoded by this gene is located at the chromosome 2q14.1. It belongs to the interleukin 1 (IL1) cytokine family, consisting of other members, IL-1β and IL-1 receptor antagonist (IL-1Ra). IL-1α and IL-1β can bind to the same receptor, the IL-1 receptor type 1, and exhibit identical biologic activity. IL-1α is synthesized by many type cells types, including epithelial cells, endothelial cells, neutrophils and activated macrophages. It is a pleiotropic cytokine that possesses metabolic, physiological and hematopoietic activities and plays a central role in immune responses and inflammatory reactions. IL1β (Interleukin-1β), also known as IL-1, ILF2, IL1-BETA, is a member of the interleukin 1 cytokine family. IL-1β is a potent pro-inflammatory cytokine and generated by activated macrophages as an inactive 31 kDa precursor, termed pro-IL-1β. And then that is processed by caspase-1 into its active status. IL-1β, together with TNF-α, initiates further synthesis and release of cytokines and mediators, up-regulate the expression of adhesion molecules on endothelial cells, and promote production of extracellular matrix by fibroblasts. This cytokine acts as an important mediator in the inflammatory response, and plays a part in a variety of cellular activities, such as cell proliferation, differentiation, and apoptosis.