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CD48

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All listed services and products are For Research Use Only. Do Not use in any diagnostic or therapeutic applications.

Background

CD48 molecule is a glycosylphosphatidylinositol-anchored immunoglobulin superfamily ligand encoded by CD48 gene, broadly expressed across hematopoietic immune cell subsets, localized exclusively to outer plasma membrane lipid bilayers. Distinct from other GPI-linked immune surface molecules, CD48 relies on conserved extracellular immunoglobulin domains to engage NK cell surface SLAM family receptors, while simultaneously delivering secondary co-stimulatory signals to amplify cytotoxic lymphocyte effector cascades. Under resting physiological immune states, basal CD48 surface expression sustains low-level interimmune cell recognition without triggering excessive cytotoxic activation. Upon pathogen exposure and immune cell conjugation, accumulated CD48-receptor binding complexes stabilize cell-cell junctions, facilitating downstream cytotoxic cytokine secretion and target cell clearance programs. Unlike broad-spectrum adhesion molecules with general cell anchoring roles, CD48 bears specialized NK cell co-stimulatory functions that cannot be fully compensated by other surface glycoproteins, linking intercellular ligand-receptor ligation directly to innate cytotoxic immune pathways. Loss of functional CD48 severely blunts NK cell-mediated anti-pathogen and anti-tumor responses and weakens systemic innate immune surveillance capacity, while sustained abundant CD48 expression amplifies cytotoxic inflammatory signaling, establishing CD48 as a core research target for GPI-anchored immune glycoprotein biology and immunostimulatory compound screening.

CD48 executes core receptor-binding co-stimulatory function anchored to cell surface lipid bilayers, utilizing conserved extracellular Ig-like domains to power high-affinity recognition of NK cell SLAM receptors. Conserved ligand-binding pockets exclusively recognize lymphoid SLAM receptor ectodomains, separating its ligand spectrum from non-specific adhesion receptors distributed across tissue cell surfaces. CD48-mediated receptor crosslinking bridges immune cell contact and cytotoxic signal transduction, balancing intercellular adhesion stability and innate cytotoxic response intensity according to antigen exposure levels. CD48 participates in extensive physiological processes including NK cell priming, hematopoietic cell crosstalk and tumor immune surveillance. Deficient CD48 surface expression disrupts lymphocyte cross-recognition and impairs innate anti-tumor immune defense. Therefore, CD48 represents a pivotal research target for GPI-linked immunoglobulin superfamily study and immune activator compound screening.

Fig. 1 Pathogenic mechanism schematic of CD48 germline mutations causing autoinflammatory immune disorders. (OA Literature)Fig. 1 Integrated multi-layer mechanistic overview: pathogenic CD48 mutations impair endoplasmic reticulum GPI-anchored protein trafficking to the plasma membrane, triggering recurrent autoinflammatory phenotypes, dysfunctional adaptive antiviral immunity and sustained inflammatory progression in human carriers and knockout murine models.1

CD48 Protein Function: Core Roles in SLAM Receptor Binding and NK Cell Immune Tuning

The biological functions of CD48 are focused on SLAM receptor recognition, interimmune cell adhesion and cytotoxic signal control:

  • SLAM Receptor Ligand Binding: Mediates specific extracellular recognition of NK cell-expressed SLAM family receptors.
  • Cytotoxic Co-Stimulatory Delivery: Transmits secondary signals to enhance NK cell effector function upon cell-cell contact.
  • Immune Homeostasis Maintenance: Sustains mild intercellular recognition to preserve resting hematopoietic immune equilibrium.
  • Innate Cytotoxic Modulation: Governs the magnitude of cytotoxic cytokine release triggered by infected or transformed target cells.
  • Disease Relevance: CD48 loss suppresses NK-mediated immune clearance, while overexpression drives amplified cytotoxic inflammatory responses.

CD48 Protein Product

Creative Biolabs offers high-quality CD48 proteins through optimized expression systems, including full-length GPI-anchored glycoprotein and isolated extracellular ligand-binding domain variants. These products retain native conformational characteristics and SLAM receptor binding biological activity, suitable for surface receptor interaction assays and immune stimulator screening. All CD48 proteins undergo strict quality control to ensure consistent performance and reliable application across diverse research platforms.

CD48 Membrane Protein Product

Not finding the membrane protein product you need? Contact us to start your one-stop custom service!

CD48 Stable Cell Line Product

Creative Biolabs provides custom-engineered CD48 stable cell lines, including overexpression and blank control models. These cell lines are optimized for GPI-anchored ligand expression profiling and NK cell co-stimulatory signal functional analysis. Each cell line undergoes stringent validation to ensure stable expression profiles and consistent functional performance in diverse experimental contexts.

CD48 Stable Cell Line Product

Not finding the stable cell line product you need? Contact us to start your one-stop custom service!

CD48 Recombinant Antibody Product

High-specificity recombinant antibodies targeting CD48 are developed via advanced antibody engineering technologies, with no cross-reactivity with other immunoglobulin superfamily GPI-anchored glycoproteins. These antibodies are validated for plasma membrane subcellular localization detection and hematopoietic tissue expression profiling, and can be combined with SLAM receptor detection reagents to analyze complete CD48 immune synapse complexes in primary lymphocyte models.

CD48 Recombinant Antibody Product

Not finding the recombinant antibody product you need? Contact us to start your one-stop custom service!

Product Features

  • Native SLAM Receptor Binding Activity: Preserves intact extracellular ligand affinity for NK cell co-stimulation and immune crosstalk research.
  • CD48 Isoform Specificity: Eliminates non-specific cross-recognition of other Ig superfamily GPI-anchored surface proteins.
  • Innate Immunology Compatibility: Optimized reagent series for NK cytotoxic activation and immunostimulatory screening workflows.
  • Comprehensive Customization Support: Facilitates end-to-end development of customized proteins, antibodies and stable cell lines to address GPI-linked immune ligand research demands.

Custom CD48 Research Services

Beyond catalog products, Creative Biolabs offers specialized custom services for CD48 research:

  • Custom CD48 Protein Production: Tailored expression of mutant and tagged CD48 constructs for SLAM receptor ligand binding interaction analysis.
  • Custom Antibody Development: Generation of CD48-specific antibodies for plasma membrane immunostaining in hematopoietic immune cell populations.
  • Stable Cell Line Engineering: Construction of CD48-modified cell models for NK cell co-stimulatory signaling research.
  • Functional Assay Development: Custom design of interimmune cell adhesion and cytotoxic activation detection workflows.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

  1. What is the primary function of CD48?

    CD48 is a GPI-anchored immune glycoprotein that binds NK cell SLAM receptors to deliver co-stimulatory signals and boost innate cytotoxic immunity.

  2. Why is CD48 a significant research target?

    CD48 acts as a critical link between hematopoietic cell adhesion and NK cell effector activation, governing host anti-tumor and anti-pathogen innate immune responses.

  3. Are Creative Biolabs' CD48 products suitable for clinical use?

    No, all CD48 products and services are strictly for research use only, not intended for clinical diagnosis or treatment.

  4. What types of CD48 products does Creative Biolabs offer?

    Offerings include full-length CD48 GPI-anchored glycoproteins, isoform-specific detection antibodies and custom stable cell lines for NK cell immune research.

  5. How are CD48 proteins validated for activity?

    CD48 proteins are validated via SLAM receptor ligand-binding functional testing.

Reference
  1. Milanesi, Samantha, et al. "Variants in human CD48 lead to impaired T cell immunity and increased inflammation." The Journal of Clinical Investigation 136.11 (2026). Under Open Access license CC BY 4.0, without modification. https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI191340
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