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Cytochrome P450 family 7 subfamily A member 1 (CYP7A1) is a microsomal cytochrome P450 monooxygenase encoded by the CYP7A1 gene and predominantly localized to the endoplasmic reticulum of hepatocytes. The protein contains an N-terminal membrane-anchoring region and a conserved heme-binding catalytic domain characteristic of cytochrome P450 enzymes. CYP7A1 catalyzes the 7α-hydroxylation of cholesterol, the first and rate-limiting step in the classical bile acid biosynthesis pathway. During catalysis, electrons derived from NADPH are transferred to CYP7A1 through NADPH-cytochrome P450 reductase (POR), supporting oxygen activation and conversion of cholesterol to 7α-hydroxycholesterol. Through this enzymatic activity, CYP7A1 contributes directly to hepatic cholesterol catabolism and bile acid production.
CYP7A1 activity and expression are tightly regulated as part of bile acid and cholesterol homeostasis. Bile acid–responsive signaling pathways, including the FXR–SHP axis in the liver and FGF-mediated feedback from the intestine, can suppress CYP7A1 transcription when bile acid levels increase. These pathways function upstream of CYP7A1 rather than through direct recruitment of kinases or transcription factors by the enzyme itself. Accordingly, CYP7A1 is best characterized as a key catalytic enzyme in the classical bile acid synthesis pathway and an important research target for studies of cholesterol metabolism, bile acid homeostasis, and hepatic lipid regulation.
Fig. 1Hepatic CYP7A1 catalyzes cholesterol conversion to bile acids, governing systemic cholesterol homeostasis via reverse cholesterol transport and enterohepatic circulation of bile acids.1
The biological functions of CYP7A1 are focused on cytochrome P450 catalytic complex assembly, bile acid metabolic signal propagation and hepatic lipid balance:
Creative Biolabs offers high-purity CYP7A1 proteins through optimized heterologous expression systems, including full-length CYP7A1 and isolated heme-binding catalytic domain variants with modified membrane anchoring status. These products retain native conformational characteristics and cofactor complex binding activity, suitable for hepatic cholesterol metabolism research, ER enzyme complex interaction detection, and small molecule lipid metabolic regulator screening for liver disorder research. All CYP7A1 proteins undergo strict quality control, including purity analysis and biological activity validation to ensure biological function.
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Creative Biolabs provides custom-engineered CYP7A1 stable cell lines, including overexpressing and knockdown models in hepatic parenchymal cell models. These cell lines are optimized for studying CYP7A1-mediated ER catalytic complex assembly mechanisms, bile acid metabolic signal cascade dynamics, and lipid regulatory compound sensitivity. Each cell line undergoes stringent validation, including stable expression detection and functional integrity verification.
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High-specificity recombinant antibodies targeting CYP7A1 are developed via advanced antibody engineering technologies. These antibodies are validated for multiple applications, including immunofluorescence for CYP7A1 endoplasmic reticulum membrane localization, Western blot for expression analysis, and co-immunoprecipitation for CYP7A1-cofactor complex research, enabling precise analysis of CYP7A1 expression, subcellular localization and functional regulation.
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Beyond catalog products, Creative Biolabs offers specialized custom services for CYP7A1 research:
CYP7A1 is a hepatic ER cytochrome P450 monooxygenase that assembles with heme cofactors to catalyze cholesterol hydroxylation, modulate bile acid synthetic flux amplitude, balance hepatic lipid turnover dynamics, and mediate systemic cholesterol clearance under lipid substrate stimulation.
CYP7A1 is the core rate-limiting regulator of primary bile acid biosynthesis and hepatic lipid homeostasis, and its dysregulation is associated with unbalanced lipid turnover and chronic metabolic liver lesions. It is a critical target for cytochrome P450 and metabolic liver disease research.
No, all CYP7A1 products and services are strictly for research use only, not intended for clinical diagnosis or treatment.
Offerings include CYP7A1 proteins (full-length, heme-binding catalytic domain variants), specific recombinant antibodies, and custom stable hepatic cell lines, supporting hepatic cholesterol and bile acid metabolic research.
CYP7A1 proteins are validated by heme cofactor complex binding assays and bile acid metabolic signal regulation verification to ensure native regulatory function in hepatic lipid research.