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Solute carrier family 15 member 4 (SLC15A4, also named peptide/histidine transporter 1 (PHT1)) is an endolysosomal integral membrane proton-coupled oligopeptide transporter encoded by the SLC15A4 gene. It is preferentially expressed in hematopoietic and myeloid immune cells including dendritic cells, macrophages, monocytes and plasmacytoid DCs, and localizes exclusively to late endosome and lysosomal limiting membranes. Distinct from plasma membrane SLC15 paralogs, SLC15A4 utilizes luminal acidic proton gradients to import dipeptides, tripeptides and free histidine from endolysosomal lumen into the cytosol, supporting basal lysosomal amino acid recycling under resting immune conditions.
Beyond nutrient salvage, SLC15A4 carries unique immune regulatory functions independent of direct TLR ligand transport. It recruits the adaptor protein TASL (CXorf21) to endolysosomal membranes to facilitate downstream IRF5 activation upon TLR7/8/9 nucleic acid sensing; it does not deliver peptide cargo to TLR complexes directly. Its immune effect varies by cell type and pathogen stimulus, and cannot be fully substituted by other lysosomal transporters. As an endolysosomal solute carrier relying on vacuolar ATPase pH gradients, its transmembrane pockets specifically bind short di/tripeptides rather than single amino acids, linking lysosomal peptide recycling and TASL-dependent immune signal coordination. Loss or impaired SLC15A4 function attenuates TLR-dependent type I interferon and pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion, weakening host anti-pathogen responses, while sustained overexpression drives excessive chronic inflammatory signaling. Deficient SLC15A4 disrupts both intracellular amino acid turnover and endosomal innate immune signal coordination, making it a valuable research target for endolysosomal transport biology and innate immune regulatory mechanism research.
Fig.1 SLC15A4 mediates mTOR nutrient sensing and TASL‑IRF5 immune signaling, with supporting imaging and pathway enrichment data.1
The biological functions of SLC15A4 are focused on proton-coupled oligopeptide transport, endolysosomal immune signal scaffolding and myeloid inflammatory signal control:
Creative Biolabs offers high-quality SLC15A4 proteins through optimized expression systems. These products retain native conformational characteristics and proton-gradient dependent peptide transport biological activity, suitable for endolysosomal solute interaction assays and innate immune modulator screening. All SLC15A4 proteins undergo strict quality control to ensure consistent performance and reliable application across diverse research platforms.
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Creative Biolabs provides custom-engineered SLC15A4 stable cell lines, including overexpression and blank control models. These cell lines are optimized for lysosomal peptide transport profiling and TLR immune signal functional analysis. Each cell line undergoes stringent validation to ensure stable expression profiles and consistent functional performance in diverse experimental contexts.
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High-specificity recombinant antibodies targeting SLC15A4 are developed via advanced antibody engineering technologies, with no cross-reactivity with other SLC15 family peptide transporters. These antibodies are validated for late endosome/lysosome subcellular localization detection and myeloid tissue expression profiling, and can be combined with TLR7/TLR9 detection reagents to analyze complete endosomal immune sensing transport complexes in inflammatory cell models.
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Beyond our catalog products, Creative Biolabs offers specialized custom services for membrane protein and antibody discovery & development. Leveraging our extensive expertise and state-of-the-art platforms, we can assist you with:
SLC15A4 (PHT1) is an endolysosomal proton-coupled transporter that moves dipeptides, tripeptides and free histidine from endolysosomal lumen into cytosol for nutrient recycling. It also acts as a membrane scaffold to recruit TASL adaptor protein, supporting TLR7/8/9 downstream IRF5 immune signaling without transporting peptide ligands to TLR receptors.
SLC15A4 acts as a critical link between lysosomal degradation and pathogen immune sensing, governing host anti-infection and inflammatory responses.
No, all SLC15A4 products and services are strictly for research use only, not intended for clinical diagnosis or treatment.
Offerings include lysosomal SLC15A4 transporter proteins, isoform-specific detection antibodies and custom stable cell lines for innate immune transport research.
SLC15A4 proteins are validated via proton-gradient dependent dipeptide uptake functional testing.