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Calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 S (CACNA1S) is a multi-pass transmembrane channel protein encoded by the CACNA1S gene, serving as the core pore-forming alpha1 subunit of skeletal muscle voltage-gated calcium channel complexes (CaV1.1). Structurally, CACNA1S consists of four homologous transmembrane repeat domains containing transmembrane S4 voltage-sensing segments and cytoplasmic coupling loops. CACNA1S is predominantly expressed in skeletal muscle, where it acts as a primary voltage sensor in excitation-contraction coupling. Upon membrane depolarization, conformational changes in the S4 segments drive direct mechanical interaction with ryanodine receptor 1 (RYR1), triggering calcium release from the sarcoplasmic reticulum to initiate muscle contraction.
CACNA1S exerts its biological effects through heteromeric assembly with auxiliary calcium channel subunits within sarcolemmal membranes, a mechanism that modulates voltage-dependent calcium permeation stability and intracellular myogenic signal cascade activation efficiency. Unlike auxiliary regulatory channel subunits, CACNA1S cannot mediate depolarization-triggered calcium flux without complete channel complex formation and relies on inter-subunit assembly to initiate full contraction signal output; it recruits cytoplasmic signal mediators to assembled channel complexes, uncoupling membrane voltage sensing from intracellular contractile transcription factor activation and sustaining persistent myogenic response signals. This dual regulation modulates the intensity of depolarization-induced muscle contractile responses after electrical stimulation, fine-tuning local myocyte contraction and muscle remodeling mediator secretion levels, while sustained abnormal CACNA1S-mediated cation conduction drives dysregulated muscle excitation and degenerative myopathic lesions. CACNA1S participates in key physiological and pathological processes including sarcolemmal voltage sensing, excitation-contraction coupling, myofiber remodeling and chronic skeletal muscle degenerative disorders. Dysregulation of CACNA1S expression or channel permeation capacity is closely associated with impaired muscle contractile function and disrupted myofiber homeostasis, making CACNA1S a crucial research target for voltage-gated calcium channel signaling, skeletal muscle transduction and myopathy research.
Fig. 1 Genomic structure and four-domain transmembrane topology of CACNA1S, with annotated pathogenic mutation sites graded by clinical severity of skeletal muscle channelopathies.1
The biological functions of CACNA1S are focused on voltage-gated calcium channel heteromerization, excitation-contraction signal propagation and skeletal muscle balance:
Creative Biolabs offers high-purity CACNA1S proteins through optimized heterologous expression systems. These products retain native conformational characteristics and auxiliary calcium channel subunit heteromeric binding activity, suitable for skeletal muscle voltage-gated calcium signaling research, membrane channel complex interaction detection, and small molecule myoprotective compound screening for myopathic disorder research. All CACNA1S proteins undergo strict quality control, including purity analysis and biological activity validation to ensure biological function.
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Creative Biolabs provides custom-engineered CACNA1S stable cell lines, including overexpressing and knockdown models in striated muscle and myogenic progenitor cell models. These cell lines are optimized for studying CACNA1S-mediated calcium channel heteromer assembly mechanisms, voltage-dependent myogenic signal cascade dynamics, and myoprotective compound sensitivity. Each cell line undergoes stringent validation, including stable expression detection and functional integrity verification.
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High-specificity recombinant antibodies targeting CACNA1S are developed via advanced antibody engineering technologies, with no cross-reactivity with other voltage-gated calcium channel alpha subunits. These antibodies are validated for multiple applications, including immunofluorescence for CACNA1S sarcolemmal membrane localization, Western blot for expression analysis, and co-immunoprecipitation for CACNA1S-auxiliary channel complex research, enabling precise analysis of CACNA1S expression, subcellular localization and functional regulation.
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Beyond catalog products, Creative Biolabs offers specialized custom services for CACNA1S research:
CACNA1S is the core alpha pore-forming subunit of skeletal muscle voltage-gated calcium channels that forms heteromeric complexes with auxiliary subunits to modulate depolarization-triggered calcium influx amplitude, balance myofiber contractile response dynamics, and mediate excitation-contraction coupling under membrane electrical stimulation.
CACNA1S is a core regulator of skeletal muscle voltage-gated calcium signaling and myofiber homeostasis, and its dysregulation is associated with unregulated calcium overload and chronic degenerative myopathic lesions. It is a critical target for muscle calcium channel and myopathy research.
No, all CACNA1S products and services are strictly for research use only, not intended for clinical diagnosis or treatment.
Offerings include CACNA1S proteins (full-length, voltage-sensing domain variants), specific recombinant antibodies, and custom stable myogenic cell lines, supporting skeletal muscle calcium channel and myopathic disorder research.
CACNA1S proteins are validated by calcium channel auxiliary subunit heteromer binding assays and myogenic contractile signal regulation verification to ensure native regulatory function in skeletal muscle research.