Immunomodulators are a class of drugs that can regulate the function of the immune system, and are used for a series of immune-related diseases, such as autoimmune diseases, organ transplant rejection, etc., by suppressing or enhancing the activity of the immune system. Creative Biolabs offers a range of services related to immune antagonists, including synthesis and design, biomarker testing, in vitro and in vivo evaluation, and more to provide a solid theoretical basis for your cancer immunology research.
Cell Growth Antagonist
VEGF-VEGFR Antagonist
Glutamine and Arginine Metabolism Antagonist
Kynurenine Pathway Antagonist
ENPP1, TREX1 and PARP7 Antagonist
MAP4K1 Antagonist
PD-1/L1 Antagonist
CBL-B Antagonist
A great deal of research and design is required before an immune antagonist can be synthesized. The approximate synthetic route of the immune antagonist is shown in the figure below:
Fig.1 Synthesis of immune antagonists.
Assessing and regulating pathway-related biomarkers may predict response to tumor immunotherapy. Creative Biolabs offers assays for the following immuno-related markers of oncology:
| Method | Objective |
|---|---|
| PD-L1 expression level, tumor mutational burden (TMB), microsatellite instability | Screening for optimal immunotherapy outcomes |
| Expression profiling of inflammatory genes in dendritic cells or tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and T cells | To predict response to immunotherapy drugs |
| Correlation of peripheral blood with TME PD response | To provide a suitable immunotherapy solution |
| Tumor RNA gene expression evaluation | For immune activation and cytokine assessment |
| Tumor tissue DNA evaluation | For the evaluation of TMB and tumor immunogenicity |
| Expression of tumor PD-L1 on tumors and immune cells | For comparison at baseline and in treatment |
Choosing the right animal model is critical for preclinical trials, and Creative Biolabs can offer several common models:
| Type | Advantage | Disadvantage | Application |
|---|---|---|---|
| isogenic mouse | It can stably express luciferase groups and is easy to use. | Tumors originate from mice and do not directly match human disease, so they are not a good predictor of clinical outcomes. | Suitable for screening large numbers of drug candidates. |
| Transgenic/Genetically Engineered Mouse Models (GEMMs) | The disease progresses more naturally. | Mutations in transgenic models limit neoantigen production and are less suitable for immuno-oncology studies | Study the function of specific genes and disease mechanisms. |
| Cell-derived xenograft model (CDX) | In the construction of tumor cell lines, the tumorigenesis rate is high, the modeling time is short, the reproducibility is good, the cost is low, and fluorophores can be added. | Tumors are cultured in vitro and lack a human-derived tumor growth environment. Immunodeficient mice need to be selected for construction, which is not fully suitable for studying the role of the immune system in tumor development. | Conduct preclinical pharmacodynamics testing, PK/PD correlation and combination therapy studies. |
| Patient-derived xenograft model (PDX) | Heterogeneous tumors that follow the effects of human primary tumor resistance and TEM on drugs, preserving the genetic characteristics of patients. | Some models are difficult to build and grow at a slower rate than CDX. | Targeted reagent R&D and production, personalized therapy R&D. |
| Humanized mouse/immune stand-in model | Partial human immune system with human drug targets that allow the study of human cancer cell lines or primary patient-derived tumors in the context of autologous or xenoimmunology. | The immune system is suboptimal, and human xenogeneic inhibitor versus host disease is common. | To investigate the efficacy of murine homologous or alternative antibodies, as well as aspects of the human immune response in mouse models |
| Tumor organoids | Similar to the original tumor, it is a more clinically relevant model for preclinical research. | Lack of key components in TME. | Drug screening and prediction of efficacy to a certain extent; Avoid medication side effects. |
If you are interested in agonist development services for cancer immunotherapy, you can click here for more information!