Specific Oncolytic Viruses
Oncolytic Virus Therapy
The oncolytic virus is not a specific virus, but a type of virus that tends to infect tumor cells and can proliferate in large numbers in the tumor cells, eventually causing the tumor cells to lyse, break down, and die. The progeny virus particles released from the lysed tumor cells can further infect the surrounding tumor cells. Tumor treatment using this virus is called oncolytic virus therapy. Oncolytic virus therapy uses a virus that selectively infects and damages tumor tissue without causing damage to normal tissue. Oncolytic viruses can be engineered or screened to selectively expand and kill cancer cells. Oncolytic viruses can infect or metastasize in human systems or in situ, so they can play a role in situ and migrating tumor sites. A general design principle of the oncolytic virus therapy targeting strategy is to delete the virus's toxic factor genes, by applying aberrant signaling pathways in cancer cells to prevent them from replicating in normal cells, while maintaining replication and killing vitality in cancer cells.
Types of Oncolytic Viruses
According to the genetic material of the oncolytic virus, it is divided into DNA and RNA viruses. Many types of oncolytic viruses, including adenovirus, reovirus, measles virus, herpes simplex virus and vaccinia virus, have been used as oncolytic agents in clinical trials. Whereas, the research on oncolytic adenovirus and oncolytic herpes virus is the most in-depth. Most of the oncolytic viruses under study are genetically modified for tumor selection, although there are also cases of using natural wild-type oncolytic viruses in clinical trials.
Based on the OncoVirapy™ platform, Creative Biolabs provides customized, standardized, reliable and high-quality oncolytic virus therapy development services for clients worldwide regarding oncolytic virus engineering, cell biology, animal testing, in vitro validation and in vivo preclinical study. Currently, we are experienced in developing oncolytic virus therapy using various viruses described as follows:
Features of Selected DNA Oncolytic Viruses
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Herpes Simplex Virus | Adenovirus | Vaccinia Virus | Parvovirus |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Family | Herpesviridae | Adenoviridae | Poxviridae | Parvoviridae |
| Genome | dsDNA | dsDNA | dsDNA | ssDNA |
| Method of entry | HVEM, nectin 1 or 2 | CAR | Macropinocytosis | Sialic acid residues |
| Disease types for clinical trials | melanoma, head and neck cancer, pancreatic cancer, GBM, breast cancer, HCC | head and neck cancer, pancreatic cancer, GBM, breast cancer, prostate cancer, ovarian cancer, CRC, bladder cancer | head and neck cancer, melanoma, lung cancer, breast cancer, HCC, CRC | GBM |
- Introduction of Herpes Simplex Virus as Oncolytic Virus
- Introduction of Adenovirus as Oncolytic Virus
- Introduction of Vaccinia Virus as Oncolytic Virus
- Introduction of Parvovirus as Oncolytic Virus
Features of Selected RNA Oncolytic Viruses
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Reovirus | Coxsackievirus | Poliovirus | Seneca Valley Virus | Measles Virus | Newcastle Disease Virus | Vesicular Stomatitis Virus | Maraba Virus | Orthoreovirus | Semliki Forest Virus | Sindbis Virus |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Family | Reoviridae | Picornaviridae | Picornaviridae | Picornaviridae | Paramyxoviridae | Paramyxoviridae | Paramyxoviridae | Rhabdoviridae | Reoviridae | Togaviridae | Togaviridae |
| Genome | dsRNA | (+)ssRNA | (-)ssRNA | (+)ssRNA | (-)ssRNA | (-)ssRNA | (-)ssRNA | (-)ssRNA | dsRNA | (+)ssRNA | (+)ssRNA |
| Method of entry | JAM-A | CAR/ICAM1/DAF | CD155 | Endocytosis | SLAM, CD46 | Endocytosis, direct fusion | LDLR | - | Receptor-mediated endocytosis | Clathrin-mediated endocytosis | Laminin receptor |
| Disease types for clinical trials | head and neck cancer, pancreatic cancer, melanoma, ovarian cancer, NSCLC, CRC, glioma, sarcoma | melanoma, bladder cancer, prostate cancer, breast cancer | GBM | neuroendocrine tumors, lung cancer, neuroblastoma | multiple myeloma, ovarian cancer, GBM, oral cancer, peritoneal malignancies | GBM | HCC | metastatic melanoma, squamous cell skin carcinoma | multiple myeloma, ovarian epithelial, and pancreatic cancers | pre-clinically tested against glioblastoma | pre-clinical |
- Introduction of Poliovirus as Oncolytic Virus
- Introduction of Measles Virus as Oncolytic Virus
- Introduction of Newcastle Disease Virus as Oncolytic Virus
- Introduction of Vesicular Stomatitis Virus as Oncolytic Virus
- Introduction of Maraba Virus as Oncolytic Virus
- Introduction of Orthoreovirus as Oncolytic Virus
- Introduction of Semliki Forest Virus as Oncolytic Virus
- Introduction of Sindbis Virus as Oncolytic Virus
By applying a variety of vaccine development strategies, Creative Biolabs is well prepared to aid customs in developing kinds of oncolytic virus-based therapies.