Autoantibodies to complement components are closely related to many autoimmune diseases, and the testing of these autoantibodies is of great significance for the study of complement-related diseases. Creative Biolabs offers a sophisticated menu of complement autoantibody tests and has the expertise to develop custom assays for diagnostic, research and clinical trial use.
Background of Anti-factor H Autoantibody
Factor H (FH) is a main plasmatic regulatory protein of the alternative complement activation pathway. FH autoantibodies can impair complement regulation, resulting in the occurrence of some diseases. The anti-FH autoantibodies’ isotype is primarily IgG but exceptional IgA isotype has also been reported. Anti-FH IgG autoantibodies production causes FH functional defect, leading to complement activation. Continuous complement activation is associated with the development of atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS) and dense deposit disease (DDD). Recently, the presence of anti-FH IgG has been reported to be associated with other clinical renal diseases such as C3 glomerulopathies, but their pathogenicity in these conditions remains to be assessed. Anti-FH autoantibody testing facilitates the correct diagnosis of these diseases as early as possible, followed by support for appropriate therapy, including plasma exchanges and immunosuppressive treatments. Anti-FH IgG represents a diagnostic marker, so its titer determination can be used to assess disease progression and monitor treatment.
Anti-FH Autoantibody Test
Autoantibodies to FH can be detected by ELISA with purified proteins immobilized on the microtiter plate. As shown in Fig.1, the purified target antigen (FH, ①) is coated in the wells of a microplate in a direct ELISA. The diluted plasma containing potentially autoantibodies (②) is then separately added to each well. After incubation and washing, a solution containing labeled anti-human IgG antibody (③) is added and incubated. After additional washings, bound IgG can be revealed using enzymatic colored reaction. During this process, all samples are dispensed in duplicate in the coated and in the non-coated parts of the plate. The standard curve is obtained by serial dilutions of a reference sample and the titer is calculated according to the standard curve using a linear regression curve and the standard values.
Fig. 1 The procedure of ELISA.1
Our Services of Anti- FH Autoantibody Test
For many years, Creative Biolabs has provided complement autoantibody tests and contract research services to pharmaceutical, biotechnology companies and researchers around the world to support their complement research projects and clinical trials. In anti-FH autoantibody testing, we have a variety of ELISA assay platforms and techniques, which allow the detection of these autoantibodies to facilitate customer’s subsequent experimental progress. Based on this, our test menu offers top-quality anti-FH autoantibody tests and related services to meet the various needs of our customers.
Service highlight:
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High sensitivity and specificity
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No significant cross-reactivity or interference
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Accurate results and report analysis
We will continue to make unremitting efforts to provide services and technology to meet customer's requirements. Please feel free to contact us for more information about our complement testing services.
Reference
1. Boguszewska, Karolina, et al. "immunoassays in DNA damage and instability detection." Cellular and molecular life sciences 76.23 (2019): 4689-4704.
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Questions & Answer
A: Factor H is a member of the regulators-of-complement-activation (RCA) family of proteins, which controls the alternative pathway (AP) of complement in the fluid phase and on cell surfaces. Acquired autoantibodies targeting factor H are called anti-factor H autoantibodies, and they are one of the major factors that impair factor H function. When anti-factor H autoantibodies impair the regulatory function of factor H, complement-mediated tissue damage and inflammation occur.
A: When anti-factor H autoantibodies cause impaired factor H function, it leads to diseases such as atypical hemolytic uremic syndrome (aHUS), C3 glomerulopathy (C3G) and monoclonal gammopathy of renal significance (MGRS). Dysregulation of the alternative pathway controlled by complement factor H plays a key role in the development of aHUS, resulting in the production of anti-factor H autoantibodies. The severity of HUS caused by anti-factor H autoantibodies is much higher than that of other causes of HUS. Apart from aHUS, it has been associated with many other diseases such as age-related macular degeneration, immunoglobulin (Ig) nephropathy.
A: Because many diseases are known to be associated with mutations or dysregulation of factor H, the study of anti-factor H autoantibodies allows the exploration of the molecular mechanisms underlying related autoimmune diseases, which can be applied for diagnosis and therapy development. Many ELISA methods are used to detect anti-factor H autoantibodies. This helps to understand and determine the importance of different anti-factor H autoantibody titers in disease. Detection of anti-factor H autoantibodies at the onset of the disease allows for the application of appropriate therapy.
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