Creative Biolabs is a leading service provider that focuses on polyclonal, monoclonal, and recombinant antibody development for research, diagnosis, and potential therapeutics. Based on our extensive experience and state-of-the-art platforms, Creative Biolabs now offers a series of biomarker-specific IVD (in vitro diagnostic) antibody development services to clients globally. We are confident that our commitment to science and research will enable us to offer you the best products and services. Here, we focus on the macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) marker.
Macrophage Migration Inhibitory Factor (MIF)
Macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the MIF gene. This gene encodes a lymphokine involved in cell-mediated immunity, immunoregulation, and inflammation. Bacterial antigens stimulate white blood cells to release MIF into the blood stream. The circulating MIF binds to CD74 on other immune cells to trigger an acute immune response. Hence, MIF is classified as an inflammatory cytokine. In addition, glucocorticoids also stimulate white blood cells to release MIF, so MIF partially counteracts the inhibitory effects of glucocorticoids on the immune system. Finally, trauma activates the anterior pituitary gland to release MIF. MIF is an inflammatory mediator associated with rheumatoid arthritis severity. MIF is also a potential target for sepsis, rheumatoid arthritis, and cancer.
Fig.1 Structure of the MIF protein.
MIF Marker of Sepsis Infections
MIF was firstly described in the 1960s as a pleiotropic cytokine affecting a variety of immune cells. Different physiological functions have been reported that primarily relate to inflammatory responses such as chemokine-like functions and regulation of systemic stress responses. MIF has a chemokine-like function and promotes the directed migration and recruitment of leukocytes into infectious and inflammatory sites. MIF is stored in preformed, cytoplasmic pools and is rapidly released in response to such stimuli as microbial products, proliferative signals, and hypoxia. One of the earliest physiologic functions described for MIF is to counter-regulate glucocorticoid suppression of immune cell responses, which is important for the regulation of the systemic inflammatory response in settings such as invasive stress or acute illness when adrenal glucocorticoid levels are high. Given these upstream actions in the inflammatory cascade, it is not surprising that MIF plays a central role in different acute and chronic inflammatory diseases as well as in cancer.
MIF normally circulates at levels between 2-10 ng/ml in human plasma but fluctuates in a diurnal rhythm that appears to reflect neuroendocrine control. Plasma MIF concentrations can be elevated to extremely high levels in different inflammatory disorders. High circulating concentrations of MIF has been found in septic patients and even higher MIF levels in those subjects with septic shock. In some clinical studies, the use of MIF as a biomarker for inflammatory diseases such as sepsis, systemic infections and autoimmune diseases has been studied. MIF serves as a general marker for systemic inflammation in septic and nonseptic acute critical illness, but MIF does not discriminate for severity or differentiate between infectious and noninfectious origins of an acute critical illness.
IVD Antibody Development Services Targeting MIF Marker
In recent years, IVD technology is undergoing rapid development. IVD antibodies have been widely used in immunodiagnostic tools to aid in the diagnosis of various diseases, conditions, and infections. With years of experience and advanced technology, Creative Biolabs is able to provide a full range of high-quality and cost-effective biomarker-specific antibody development services. Especially, we help develop novel anti-MIF antibodies for your IVD projects. Having completed a number of IVD antibody generation and development projects, Creative Biolabs is confident to offer you the best products and services to promote your project a success.
If you are interested in the services we can provide, please don't hesitate to contact us or directly send us an inquiry. We will get in touch with you as soon as possible.
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