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Solid and universally accepted evidence has suggested a relationship between major-histocompatibility-complex (MHC) class I related chain A (MICA) antibodies and solid organ transplant rejection, where no human leukocyte antigen (HLA) antibodies are detected. Creative Biolabs provides MICA single antigen antibody screening service to detect antibodies against a panel of the most common MICA antigens.
Despite such good HLA-A, HLA-B, and HLA-DR matches, some kidney transplants still fail, which suggests that other antigens might be targets for rejection. MICA antigens are expressed on endothelial cells, dendritic cells, fibroblasts, epithelial cells, and many tumors, but not on peripheral-blood lymphocytes. It is a kind of surface glycoproteins1 with functions related to innate immunity. Same as HLA antigens, MICA antigens can elicit antibody formation when exposed to allogeneic MICA during transplantation.
Unlike classical HLA class I gene products, MICA does not present any antigen but acts as a ligand for several immune cells. MICA polymorphisms are associated with many diseases related to NK activity, such as viral infection, cancer and allograft rejection or graft-versus-host disease (GVHD). The mechanisms underlying these associations include NK cell-mediated cytotoxicity and MICA shedding to produce immunosuppressive soluble MICA particles.
As a ligand for NK cells bearing NKG2D receptors, MICA forms a complex with a disulfide isomerase/chaperone, ERp5, to induce a conformational change that enables proteolytic cleavage of MICA by ADAM proteases. The cleaved MICA then interacts with NKG2D, which induces the internalization and degradation of the receptor and stimulates the population expansion of immunosuppressive T cells n turn.
Fig.1 Mechanism of MICA shedding. (Choy, 2010)
MICA single antigen antibody screening is a Luminex-based solid-phase immunoassay designed to detect IgG antibodies binding to beads pre-coated with recombinant preparations of MICA alleles. As a valuable tool for specificity assignment, each recombinant MICA (rMICA) antigen is coated on a separate bead population. Creative Biolabs offers advanced custom analytic capabilities service by the combined use of our software and multiplex analyzer.
Creative Biolabs offers a complete range of HLA Antibody and Non-HLA Antibody detection assay for the transplant diagnostics segment, including Panel Reactive Antibody Screening, Antibody Specificity Profile as well as Single Antigen Bead Assay and a full set of related products. For more information, please feel free to contact us directly.
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