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ACE2

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All listed services and products are For Research Use Only. Do Not use in any diagnostic or therapeutic applications.

Background

The ACE2 gene at Xp22.2 encodes angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, a type I transmembrane glycoprotein of 805 amino acids belonging to the M2 metalloprotease family. ACE2 contains an N-terminal zinc metallopeptidase domain and a C-terminal collectrin-like domain. The protein is N-glycosylated at approximately 92-120 kDa and is expressed on plasma membrane of cells in the heart, kidney, lung (type II alveolar cells), intestine, and vascular endothelium. As a carboxypeptidase, ACE2 converts angiotensin II to angiotensin-(1-7) and angiotensin I to angiotensin-(1-9), functioning as a critical negative regulator of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) that counterbalances ACE-mediated angiotensin II production. The ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas receptor axis promotes vasodilation and anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and cardioprotective effects. ACE2 is also the functional receptor for SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, with the spike protein binding the peptidase domain to mediate host cell entry. ACE2 expression influences viral tissue tropism and COVID-19 severity. ACE2 downregulation following viral entry contributes to RAS imbalance and acute lung injury. ACE2 polymorphisms have been associated with hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and diabetic nephropathy. ACE2 is therefore an important target for studying RAS regulation, cardiovascular and renal pathophysiology, and coronavirus-host interactions, providing tools for understanding RAS-mediated diseases and viral pathogenesis.

Fig.1 Anchored ACE2 and ACE2 cleavage. (OA Literature)Fig. 1 Membrane-bound ACE2 and ACE2 shedding.1

Function of ACE2 Protein: A Carboxypeptidase Regulating The Renin-Angiotensin System and Viral

The functional spectrum of ACE2 spans RAS regulation and viral receptor biology:

  • Carboxypeptidase and RAS regulation: ACE2 converts angiotensin II to angiotensin-(1-7), a vasodilatory peptide acting via the Mas receptor. ACE2 also converts angiotensin I to angiotensin-(1-9), counterbalancing ACE-mediated Ang II production to promote protective anti-inflammatory and vasodilatory signaling.
  • Amino acid transport and tissue protection: The C-terminal collectrin-like domain chaperones the neutral amino acid transporter B0AT1. ACE2 exerts protective effects in heart, kidney, and lung through Ang-(1-7)-mediated suppression of inflammation and fibrosis.
  • SARS-CoV-2 receptor and viral entry: ACE2 is the primary receptor for SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, with spike glycoprotein binding the peptidase domain. ACE2 on type II alveolar cells and vascular endothelium determines tissue tropism. Viral entry triggers ACE2 shedding, contributing to RAS imbalance.
  • Disease and therapeutic implications: ACE2 polymorphisms are associated with hypertension, heart failure, and diabetic nephropathy. Soluble recombinant ACE2 and ACE2-targeted therapies are under investigation for cardiovascular disease and as decoy receptors for SARS-CoV-2 neutralization.

ACE2 Membrane Protein Product

Creative Biolabs offers a series of high-quality ACE2 membrane protein products, suitable for structural and functional studies of RAS regulation and viral receptor biology. Built on the independently developed MemDX™ recombinant membrane protein technology platform, ACE2 proteins can be generated through various expression systems, including virus-like particles (VLP) and in vitro prokaryotic expression systems. These thoroughly characterized protein products, such as MemDX™ recombinant human ACE2 membrane protein as virus-like particles and human ACE2 proteins from diverse expression systems, can be used in ELISA, antibody screening, enzyme activity assays, and viral binding studies, providing reliable tools for analyzing the catalytic mechanism and spike protein interactions of ACE2.

ACE2 Protein Product

Not finding the membrane protein product you need? Contact us to start your one-stop custom service!

ACE2 Stable Cell Line Product

Constructing a robust cell model is essential for investigating RAS regulation and SARS-CoV-2 host cell entry. As the carboxypeptidase counterbalancing ACE activity and the primary receptor for SARS-CoV-2, ACE2 expression level and enzymatic activity directly influence angiotensin peptide balance, vascular tone, and viral susceptibility. Genetic variants or altered expression may lead to substantial differences in RAS regulation and viral infectivity. Creative Biolabs offers customized ACE2 membrane protein stable transfection cell models, encompassing wild-type and disease-associated variant forms. These models express the target protein on the plasma membrane, and are suitable for studies on ACE2 enzymatic kinetics, Ang-(1-7) production analysis, SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binding, and evaluation of variant-dependent functional differences, providing a reliable platform for exploring ACE2 structure-function relationships, disease-associated polymorphisms, and RAS regulatory mechanisms. Our technology ensures cell membrane integrity and correct protein localization, facilitating your research.

ACE2 Stable Cell Line Product

Not finding the stable cell line product you need? Contact us to start your one-stop custom service!

ACE2 Recombinant Antibody Product

Creative Biolabs offers highly specific recombinant antibodies targeting ACE2, manufactured using advanced recombinant antibody technology. Compared to traditional antibodies, these recombinant antibodies deliver improved performance in specificity, sensitivity, and batch-to-batch consistency. They also support various modifications and labeling strategies. Our ACE2 recombinant antibodies are suitable for a broad range of applications, including Western Blot, ELISA, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, immunocytochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and immunoprecipitation, and can be used to examine ACE2 expression levels across diverse tissues, analyze its subcellular localization at the plasma membrane, and conduct related investigations such as enzyme activity studies and viral spike protein binding analysis. These antibodies provide dependable detection reagents for the structural characterization, functional investigation of ACE2, and the analysis of its role in RAS regulation and viral pathogenesis.

ACE2 Recombinant Antibody Product

Not finding the recombinant antibody product you need? Contact us to start your one-stop custom service!

Product Features

  • Multiple expression platforms: A variety of platforms for recombinant protein production are available (such as virus-like particles and prokaryotic/eukaryotic expression systems), accommodating diverse research requirements.
  • Broad application compatibility: Products can be used in ELISA, antibody screening and characterization, enzyme activity assays, Western Blot, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry experiments.
  • Consistent batch performance: Stringent quality control measures maintain stability across product batches, ensuring dependable and reproducible experimental outcomes.
  • Tailored customization options: Customized services are available for specified natural variant forms, tag configurations, or expression platforms.

Custom ACE2 Membrane Protein and Antibody Discovery Services

In addition to the standard products, Creative Biolabs also offers professional customized services for ACE2. ACE2 has documented genetic variants with functional differences, including polymorphisms associated with hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and altered SARS-CoV-2 binding. These variants present specific requirements in protein expression, enzyme activity analysis, and functional characterization. Leveraging our technology platform, we can assist you in completing the following customized projects:

  • Customized production of membrane proteins: Tailored expression (using multiple expression systems), purification, and molecular characterization for wild-type and variant forms.
  • Customized antibody development: From antigen design to antibody engineering (monoclonal, polyclonal, recombinant antibodies), supporting variant discrimination or recognition of shared epitopes.
  • Construction of stable cell model: Generate stable cell models expressing specific ACE2 variants, for functional comparison studies and viral binding analysis.
  • Development of the functional detection system: Design and execute experimental protocols such as enzyme activity assays, spike protein binding analysis, and functional evaluation of genetic variants.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

  1. What is the main function of the ACE2 gene?

    ACE2 encodes angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, a zinc-dependent carboxypeptidase that converts angiotensin II to angiotensin-(1-7), a vasodilatory and anti-inflammatory peptide acting through the Mas receptor. ACE2 functions as a key negative regulator of the renin-angiotensin system, counterbalancing ACE-mediated angiotensin II production. ACE2 is also the primary cellular receptor for SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, mediating viral entry into host cells.

  2. Why is ACE2 an important research target?

    ACE2 is a central regulator of cardiovascular, renal, and pulmonary homeostasis through the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas receptor protective axis. It is also the functional receptor for SARS-CoV-2, with expression patterns determining viral tissue tropism and disease severity. ACE2 polymorphisms and expression changes are associated with hypertension, heart failure, diabetic nephropathy, and COVID-19 susceptibility, making it a target of broad interest across cardiovascular medicine, nephrology, virology, and infectious disease research.

  3. Is the ACE2 product of Creative Biolabs suitable for clinical applications?

    Not applicable. All ACE2 products and services provided by Creative Biolabs are for research purposes only and cannot be used for any clinical diagnosis, prevention, treatment or cure of any disease.

  4. What types of ACE2 products does Creative Biolabs offer?

    We offer a variety of product types, including recombinant ACE2 membrane proteins, stable cell models expressing ACE2, high-quality recombinant ACE2 antibodies, as well as comprehensive customized services.

Reference
  1. Wang, Jieqiong, Huiying Zhao, and Youzhong An. "ACE2 Shedding and the Role in COVID-19." Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology 11 (2022): 789180. Under Open Access license CC BY 4.0, without modification. https://doi.org/10.3389/fcimb.2021.789180
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