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The ACE2 gene at Xp22.2 encodes angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, a type I transmembrane glycoprotein of 805 amino acids belonging to the M2 metalloprotease family. ACE2 contains an N-terminal zinc metallopeptidase domain and a C-terminal collectrin-like domain. The protein is N-glycosylated at approximately 92-120 kDa and is expressed on plasma membrane of cells in the heart, kidney, lung (type II alveolar cells), intestine, and vascular endothelium. As a carboxypeptidase, ACE2 converts angiotensin II to angiotensin-(1-7) and angiotensin I to angiotensin-(1-9), functioning as a critical negative regulator of the renin-angiotensin system (RAS) that counterbalances ACE-mediated angiotensin II production. The ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas receptor axis promotes vasodilation and anti-inflammatory, anti-fibrotic, and cardioprotective effects. ACE2 is also the functional receptor for SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, with the spike protein binding the peptidase domain to mediate host cell entry. ACE2 expression influences viral tissue tropism and COVID-19 severity. ACE2 downregulation following viral entry contributes to RAS imbalance and acute lung injury. ACE2 polymorphisms have been associated with hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and diabetic nephropathy. ACE2 is therefore an important target for studying RAS regulation, cardiovascular and renal pathophysiology, and coronavirus-host interactions, providing tools for understanding RAS-mediated diseases and viral pathogenesis.
Fig. 1 Membrane-bound ACE2 and ACE2 shedding.1
The functional spectrum of ACE2 spans RAS regulation and viral receptor biology:
Creative Biolabs offers a series of high-quality ACE2 membrane protein products, suitable for structural and functional studies of RAS regulation and viral receptor biology. Built on the independently developed MemDX™ recombinant membrane protein technology platform, ACE2 proteins can be generated through various expression systems, including virus-like particles (VLP) and in vitro prokaryotic expression systems. These thoroughly characterized protein products, such as MemDX™ recombinant human ACE2 membrane protein as virus-like particles and human ACE2 proteins from diverse expression systems, can be used in ELISA, antibody screening, enzyme activity assays, and viral binding studies, providing reliable tools for analyzing the catalytic mechanism and spike protein interactions of ACE2.
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Constructing a robust cell model is essential for investigating RAS regulation and SARS-CoV-2 host cell entry. As the carboxypeptidase counterbalancing ACE activity and the primary receptor for SARS-CoV-2, ACE2 expression level and enzymatic activity directly influence angiotensin peptide balance, vascular tone, and viral susceptibility. Genetic variants or altered expression may lead to substantial differences in RAS regulation and viral infectivity. Creative Biolabs offers customized ACE2 membrane protein stable transfection cell models, encompassing wild-type and disease-associated variant forms. These models express the target protein on the plasma membrane, and are suitable for studies on ACE2 enzymatic kinetics, Ang-(1-7) production analysis, SARS-CoV-2 spike protein binding, and evaluation of variant-dependent functional differences, providing a reliable platform for exploring ACE2 structure-function relationships, disease-associated polymorphisms, and RAS regulatory mechanisms. Our technology ensures cell membrane integrity and correct protein localization, facilitating your research.
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Creative Biolabs offers highly specific recombinant antibodies targeting ACE2, manufactured using advanced recombinant antibody technology. Compared to traditional antibodies, these recombinant antibodies deliver improved performance in specificity, sensitivity, and batch-to-batch consistency. They also support various modifications and labeling strategies. Our ACE2 recombinant antibodies are suitable for a broad range of applications, including Western Blot, ELISA, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, immunocytochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and immunoprecipitation, and can be used to examine ACE2 expression levels across diverse tissues, analyze its subcellular localization at the plasma membrane, and conduct related investigations such as enzyme activity studies and viral spike protein binding analysis. These antibodies provide dependable detection reagents for the structural characterization, functional investigation of ACE2, and the analysis of its role in RAS regulation and viral pathogenesis.
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In addition to the standard products, Creative Biolabs also offers professional customized services for ACE2. ACE2 has documented genetic variants with functional differences, including polymorphisms associated with hypertension, cardiovascular disease, and altered SARS-CoV-2 binding. These variants present specific requirements in protein expression, enzyme activity analysis, and functional characterization. Leveraging our technology platform, we can assist you in completing the following customized projects:
ACE2 encodes angiotensin-converting enzyme 2, a zinc-dependent carboxypeptidase that converts angiotensin II to angiotensin-(1-7), a vasodilatory and anti-inflammatory peptide acting through the Mas receptor. ACE2 functions as a key negative regulator of the renin-angiotensin system, counterbalancing ACE-mediated angiotensin II production. ACE2 is also the primary cellular receptor for SARS-CoV and SARS-CoV-2, mediating viral entry into host cells.
ACE2 is a central regulator of cardiovascular, renal, and pulmonary homeostasis through the ACE2/Ang-(1-7)/Mas receptor protective axis. It is also the functional receptor for SARS-CoV-2, with expression patterns determining viral tissue tropism and disease severity. ACE2 polymorphisms and expression changes are associated with hypertension, heart failure, diabetic nephropathy, and COVID-19 susceptibility, making it a target of broad interest across cardiovascular medicine, nephrology, virology, and infectious disease research.
Not applicable. All ACE2 products and services provided by Creative Biolabs are for research purposes only and cannot be used for any clinical diagnosis, prevention, treatment or cure of any disease.
We offer a variety of product types, including recombinant ACE2 membrane proteins, stable cell models expressing ACE2, high-quality recombinant ACE2 antibodies, as well as comprehensive customized services.