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AMFR

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All listed services and products are For Research Use Only. Do Not use in any diagnostic or therapeutic applications.

Background

Autocrine motility factor receptor (AMFR, GP78) is a multifunctional integrated membrane protein encoded by AMFR gene, which contains two independent functional domains: cell membrane and endoplasmic reticulum, and is widely expressed in epithelial cells, fibroblasts and various tumor cells. Different from single-function receptor or endoplasmic reticulum enzyme, AMFR can integrate tumor invasion signal and lipid metabolism quality control function synchronously. The low expression of AMFR in normal cells can maintain the steady state of cholesterol metabolism without activating abnormal migration signals. AMFR gene mutation will damage the clearance function of endoplasmic reticulum protein and induce metabolic disorder. The high expression of AMFR in tumor tissue is closely related to lymphatic metastasis, distant invasion and poor prognosis, and it is the dual core target of oncology, lipid metabolism research and targeted small molecule drug screening.

AMFR executes dual independent biological activities on ER and plasma lipid bilayers, utilizing separate extracellular ligand-binding regions and cytoplasmic RING catalytic domains to carry out motility signal reception and ubiquitination catalysis simultaneously. Conserved extracellular pocket exclusively matches AMF polypeptide ligands, while the RING finger motif shows high substrate specificity toward HMGCR and other misfolded ER proteins, separating its two functional interactomes from ordinary single-function membrane proteins. AMFR-mediated dual regulatory axis connects intracellular sterol metabolism to extracellular tumor microenvironment stimulation, adjusting cell migratory activity according to cellular transformation degree and nutrient availability. AMFR participates in ER protein quality surveillance, de novo cholesterol biosynthesis, tumor EMT transformation and interstitial invasion processes. Defective AMFR expression simultaneously triggers lipid metabolic disorder and blunts tumor migratory signaling, so it represents a pivotal dual-target research object for tumor metabolism therapeutic screening.

Fig. 1 Full regulatory model of AMFR E3 ubiquitin ligase for ER proteostasis & cholesterol metabolism research reagents. (OA Literature)Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of AMFR/Gp78 E3 ligase mediating ERAD and multiple substrate protein degradation.1

AMFR Protein Function: Core Roles in AMF Sensing and ERAD Ubiquitination

The biological functions of AMFR are focused on autocrine motility factor binding and ER substrate ubiquitination:

  • AMF/PGI Receptor Binding: Captures secreted autocrine motility factor via extracellular ectodomains to activate migratory signal cascades.
  • RING E3 Ubiquitin Ligase Catalysis: Uses cytoplasmic RING domain to ubiquitinate HMGCR for ERAD-mediated proteasomal degradation.
  • Sterol Homeostasis Control: Restrains uncontrolled cholesterol synthesis under normal resting cell metabolism.
  • Tumor Invasion Modulation: Upregulates EMT and matrix metalloproteinase expression upon persistent AMF stimulation.
  • Disease Relevance: AMFR overexpression drives cancer metastasis and lipid disorder; loss of dual activity inhibits tumor spread and disrupts sterol balance.

AMFR Protein Product

Creative Biolabs offers high-quality AMFR proteins through optimized eukaryotic expression systems, including full-length dual-functional AMFR and separated ligand-binding/RING domain variants. These products retain intact AMF binding affinity and E3 ubiquitin catalytic activity, suitable for receptor-ligand interaction tests and ERAD pathway functional screening. All AMFR proteins pass rigorous activity verification to guarantee stable performance across cell biology research platforms.

AMFR Protein Product

Not finding the membrane protein product you need? Contact us to start your one-stop custom service!

AMFR Stable Cell Line Product

Creative Biolabs provides custom-engineered AMFR stable cell lines, including overexpression and blank empty vector control models. These cell lines are optimized for dual-function membrane protein profiling and tumor migration/ERAD signal functional detection. Each cell line undergoes strict genotyping and expression validation to maintain consistent protein abundance during long-term cell culture experiments.

AMFR Stable Cell Line Product

Not finding the stable cell line product you need? Contact us to start your one-stop custom service!

AMFR Recombinant Antibody Product

High-specificity recombinant antibodies targeting AMFR are generated via advanced antibody engineering platforms. These antibodies are validated to detect both ER-resident and plasma membrane AMFR pools, compatible with tumor and metabolic tissue immunostaining, and can be combined with HMGCR or AMF detection antibodies to visualize complete AMFR functional signaling complexes in carcinoma cell models.

AMFR Recombinant Antibody Product

Not finding the recombinant antibody product you need? Contact us to start your one-stop custom service!

Product Features

  • Native Dual Functional Activity: Preserves intact AMF binding and HMGCR ubiquitination dual activity for tumor metabolism research.
  • AMFR Exclusive Specificity: No off-target binding to unrelated ER ligases or growth factor receptors.
  • Tumor & Metabolism Compatibility: Matching experimental reagents for metastasis and cholesterol therapeutic screening workflows.
  • Full Customization Support: Customized proteins, antibodies and stable cell lines covering all AMFR mutation and tagging research demands.

Custom AMFR Research Services

Beyond catalog products, Creative Biolabs offers specialized custom services for AMFR research:

  • Custom AMFR Protein Production: Mutant, fluorescent-tag and truncated AMFR protein expression for ligand binding and ubiquitination mechanism research.
  • Custom Antibody Development: Monoclonal/polyclonal antibody generation targeting separate AMFR extracellular or RING domains.
  • Stable Cell Line Engineering: Construction of AMFR knockout, overexpression and point mutation cell strains for migration and ERAD pathway studies.
  • Functional Assay Development: Customized detection systems for tumor invasion and HMGCR degradation phenotype analysis.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

  1. What is the primary function of AMFR?

    AMFR is a dual-function membrane protein: cell-surface receptor binding AMF to drive tumor migration, and ER-resident E3 ubiquitin ligase mediating HMGCR degradation to control cholesterol synthesis.

  2. Why is AMFR a significant research target?

    AMFR bridges tumor microenvironment migratory signaling and intracellular sterol metabolism, serving as a key biomarker and dual-action therapeutic target for metastatic cancers.

  3. Are Creative Biolabs' AMFR products suitable for clinical use?

    No, all AMFR proteins, antibodies and cell models are limited to laboratory basic research, not approved for clinical diagnosis or human treatment applications.

  4. What types of AMFR products does Creative Biolabs offer?

    Full-length dual-functional recombinant AMFR proteins, domain-specific detection antibodies and customized stable cell lines for tumor metabolism research.

  5. How are AMFR proteins validated for activity?

    AMFR proteins undergo two parallel functional tests: AMF ligand binding ELISA and in vitro HMGCR ubiquitination catalytic assays.

Reference
  1. Joshi, Vibhuti, et al. "Gp78 E3 Ubiquitin Ligase: Essential Functions and Contributions in Proteostasis." Frontiers in Cellular Neuroscience, vol. 11, 2017, article 259. Under Open Access license CC BY 4.0, without modification. https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2017.00259
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