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CD80

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All listed services and products are For Research Use Only. Do Not use in any diagnostic or therapeutic applications.

Background

The CD80 gene is located in the 3q13.33 region of the human chromosome and encodes the CD80 molecule (CD80), which belongs to the immunoglobulin superfamily and is a key member of the B7 family of costimulatory ligands, also known as B7-1. CD80 is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein, with its extracellular region containing an N-terminal IgV-like domain and a membrane-proximal IgC-like domain, both adopting immunoglobulin folds, and a short cytoplasmic tail. Its core polypeptide is approximately 33 kDa, but extensive N-linked glycosylation yields a mature glycoprotein of approximately 60 kDa, and it exists predominantly as a homodimer on the plasma membrane. CD80 is primarily expressed on antigen-presenting cells including dendritic cells, macrophages, and activated B cells, and has also been detected on activated regulatory T cells. As a critical ligand in the two-signal model of T cell activation, CD80 binds to the costimulatory receptor CD28 to promote T cell proliferation, cytokine production, and survival, and to the inhibitory receptor CTLA-4 to attenuate T cell responses and maintain peripheral tolerance. CTLA-4 binds CD80 with approximately 10-fold higher affinity than CD28, allowing it to outcompete CD28 and deliver dominant inhibitory signals that constitute an essential immune checkpoint. CD80-mediated costimulation is required for robust humoral immunity, and CD80/CD86 deficiency disrupts regulatory T cell homeostasis leading to autoimmune-like pathology in mouse models, underscoring the dual role of CD80 in promoting effective immunity while restraining autoreactivity. The CD80-CD28/CTLA-4 axis is a major target in cancer immunotherapy, with CTLA-4 blockade enhancing anti-tumor T cell responses by relieving the inhibitory constraint on CD80-dependent CD28 costimulation. Therefore, CD80 is regarded as an important molecular target for studying immune costimulation, peripheral tolerance, and the development of immunotherapeutic interventions. Its functional analysis provides valuable tools for understanding the molecular basis of T cell regulation and modulating immune responses for therapeutic benefit.

Fig.1 CD80 (native/fusion) binding to CD28, CTLA4 & PD-L1. (OA Literature)Fig. 1 The interactions between CD80 (natural CD80 and CD80 fusion protein) and the molecules CD28, CTLA4, and PD-L1.1

Function of CD80 Protein: A Costimulatory Ligand Governing T Cell Activation and Immune Checkpoint

The functional spectrum of CD80 is extensive and is continuously expanding:

  • T cell costimulation via CD28 engagement: CD80 serves as a ligand for the CD28 receptor on T cells, delivering essential costimulatory signals that, together with T cell receptor engagement, promote T cell proliferation, cytokine production, and survival, thereby lowering the activation threshold and enabling effective adaptive immune responses.
  • Immune checkpoint regulation via CTLA-4 binding: CD80 also binds to the inhibitory receptor CTLA-4 with approximately 10-fold higher affinity than CD28, allowing CTLA-4 to outcompete CD28 for CD80 binding; this interaction delivers inhibitory signals that attenuate T cell activation, maintain peripheral tolerance, and prevent excessive immune responses.
  • Regulatory T cell homeostasis and autoimmune control: CD80 and its homolog CD86 are required for the maintenance of regulatory T cell populations, and their combined deficiency leads to Treg depletion and the spontaneous development of autoimmune-like pathology, demonstrating the importance of B7-mediated signals in immune homeostasis.
  • Therapeutic target in cancer immunotherapy: The CD80-CD28/CTLA-4 axis is a clinically validated target in oncology, with CTLA-4-blocking antibodies functioning by preventing CTLA-4 from outcompeting CD28 for CD80 binding, thereby relieving inhibitory constraint and enhancing CD28-mediated T cell costimulation against tumor antigens.

CD80 Membrane Protein Product

Creative Biolabs offers a series of high-quality CD80 membrane protein products, suitable for structural and functional research. Relying on the independently developed MemDX™ recombinant membrane protein technology platform, CD80 proteins can be prepared through various expression systems, including virus-like particles (VLP) and in vitro prokaryotic expression systems. These rigorously validated protein products, such as MemDX™ recombinant human CD80 membrane protein as virus-like particles and human CD80 proteins from various expression systems, can be used in ELISA, antibody screening and identification, binding experiments, and functional research, providing reliable tools for researchers to analyze the receptor interactions and costimulatory mechanisms of CD80.

CD80 Protein Product

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CD80 Stable Cell Line Product

Constructing a robust cell model is crucial for the study of CD80-mediated immune costimulation. As a B7 family ligand that governs the balance between T cell activation and immune tolerance, the expression level and receptor-binding activity of CD80 directly affect the threshold for T cell priming and the quality of downstream adaptive immune responses. Different glycosylation states, dimerization status, or changes in expression levels may lead to significant differences in costimulatory signal strength and T cell activation outcomes. Creative Biolabs offers customized CD80 membrane protein stable transfection cell models, covering wild-type and various functionally characterized forms. These models stably express the target protein on the plasma membrane, and are suitable for studies on ligand-receptor binding kinetics, CD28 and CTLA-4 competition assays, T cell costimulation and proliferation analysis, and assessment of CD80-mediated signaling, providing a reliable and reproducible platform for exploring the costimulatory mechanism, structure-function relationship, and immune regulatory network of CD80. Our technology ensures plasma membrane integrity and correct protein localization, facilitating your research.

CD80 Stable Cell Line Product

Not finding the stable cell line product you need? Contact us to start your one-stop custom service!

CD80 Recombinant Antibody Product

Creative Biolabs offers highly specific recombinant antibodies targeting CD80, produced using advanced recombinant antibody technology. Compared to traditional antibodies, these recombinant antibodies demonstrate superior performance in terms of specificity, sensitivity, and batch-to-batch consistency. They can also be modified and labeled in various ways. Our CD80 recombinant antibodies support a wide range of applications, including Western Blot, ELISA, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, immunocytochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and immunoprecipitation, and can be used to detect differences in CD80 expression levels on various antigen-presenting cell types, analyze its cell surface localization and dimerization state, and conduct related research such as receptor-ligand interaction and costimulatory signaling pathway analysis. These antibodies provide reliable detection tools for the structural analysis, functional study of CD80, and the investigation of its regulation in the immune costimulatory network.

CD80 Recombinant Antibody Product

Not finding the recombinant antibody product you need? Contact us to start your one-stop custom service!

Product Features

  • Diversified expression systems: A variety of recombinant protein production platforms are supported, encompassing virus-like particles and prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression systems, adapted to the needs of different research applications.
  • Broad range of experimental applications: Products can be utilized in ELISA, antibody screening, binding studies, receptor-binding and competition assays, Western blot, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry experiments.
  • Stringent batch-to-batch consistency: Rigorous quality control measures preserve stability among product batches, ensuring the dependability and reproducibility of experimental findings.
  • Flexible customization options: Personalized customization services are offered for specific isoform variants, tag formats, or expression system configurations.

Custom CD80 Membrane Protein and Antibody Discovery Services

In addition to the standard products, Creative Biolabs also offers professional customized services for CD80. CD80 has functionally significant glycosylation variants and dimerization states with differences in receptor-binding affinity and costimulatory activity. These molecular characteristics have specific requirements in aspects such as protein expression, antigen design, and functional verification. Leveraging our technology platform, we can assist you in completing the following customized projects:

  • Customized production of membrane proteins: Tailored expression using multiple expression systems, purification, and characterization for different glycosylation states and dimerization forms.
  • Customized antibody development: From antigen design to antibody engineering (monoclonal, polyclonal, recombinant antibodies), supporting variant discrimination or recognition of conserved epitopes.
  • Construction of stable cell model: Generate stable cell models that express specific isoforms or functional variants, for the purpose of comparative costimulation studies and receptor-binding analysis.
  • Development of the functional detection system: Design and execute experimental protocols such as T cell costimulation assays, CD28/CTLA-4 competition binding analysis, and assessment of functional differences among variants.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

  1. What is the main function of the CD80 gene?

    CD80 primarily functions as a costimulatory ligand on the plasma membrane of antigen-presenting cells, binding to the CD28 receptor on T cells to deliver essential costimulatory signals that promote T cell proliferation, cytokine production, and survival, and to CTLA-4 to deliver inhibitory signals that attenuate T cell activation and maintain peripheral tolerance. CTLA-4 binds CD80 with approximately 10-fold higher affinity than CD28, establishing a competitive binding equilibrium that functions as a critical immune checkpoint. The expression and glycosylation state of this protein are significantly regulated by cell activation status, and CD80 exists predominantly as a homodimer on the cell surface. It is an important model for studying the relationship between immune receptor-ligand structure and function as well as the regulatory mechanism of T cell costimulation.

  2. Why is CD80 an important research target?

    CD80 is a central regulator of the balance between T cell activation and immune tolerance. Its interactions with CD28 and CTLA-4 form a key immune checkpoint axis that is clinically targeted in cancer immunotherapy through CTLA-4 blockade. CD80/CD86 deficiency leads to impaired humoral immunity and disrupted regulatory T cell homeostasis, resulting in autoimmune-like pathology. Studying the regulation and function of CD80 is helpful for a deeper understanding of the molecular mechanisms governing T cell costimulation, peripheral tolerance, and the development of next-generation immunotherapeutic strategies.

  3. Is the CD80 product of Creative Biolabs suitable for clinical applications?

    Not applicable. All CD80 products and services provided by Creative Biolabs are for research purposes only and cannot be used for any clinical diagnosis, prevention, treatment or cure of any disease.

  4. What types of CD80 products does Creative Biolabs offer?

    We offer a variety of product types, including recombinant CD80 membrane proteins, stable cell models expressing CD80, high-quality recombinant CD80 antibodies, as well as comprehensive customized services.

Reference
  1. Li, Lanying, Lei Yang, and DePeng Jiang. "Research progress of CD80 in the development of immunotherapy drugs." Frontiers in immunology 15 (2024): 1496992. Under Open Access license CC BY 4.0, without modification. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2024.1496992
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