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The CSF1R gene is located in the 5q32 region of the human chromosome and encodes the colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R), a type III receptor tyrosine kinase of the PDGF/CSF1 receptor subfamily, also referred to as c-FMS or CD115. CSF1R is a single-pass type I transmembrane protein, with an extracellular domain containing five immunoglobulin-like domains, a split intracellular kinase domain characteristic of type III RTKs, and a C-terminal regulatory tail. Its molecular weight is approximately 109 kDa, and it is predominantly expressed on myeloid lineage cells including monocytes, macrophages, osteoclasts, and microglia. As the receptor for the ligands CSF1 and IL-34, CSF1R undergoes ligand-induced dimerization and autophosphorylation at specific tyrosine residues, activating downstream PI3K/AKT, MAPK/ERK, and SRC family kinase pathways that govern the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of mononuclear phagocytes. CSF1R signaling is required for osteoclast development and bone resorption, and for the development and maintenance of microglia in the central nervous system. Mutations in CSF1R cause autosomal dominant adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia, characterized by progressive cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and motor dysfunction, while bi-allelic mutations cause a severe pediatric syndrome combining brain abnormalities with dysosteosclerosis. In the tumor microenvironment, CSF1R signaling promotes the recruitment and immunosuppressive polarization of tumor-associated macrophages, and CSF1R inhibitors such as pexidartinib have been developed to deplete these cells and reprogram the tumor immune microenvironment. Therefore, CSF1R is regarded as an important molecular target for studying macrophage biology, microglial function, and tumor microenvironment regulation. Its functional analysis provides valuable tools for understanding the molecular basis of myeloid cell development and developing therapeutic strategies targeting macrophage-mediated pathology.
Fig. 1 Colony Stimulating Factor 1 Receptor (CSF1R) microglia depletion improves outcome from traumatic brain injury.1
The functional spectrum of CSF1R is extensive and is continuously expanding:
Creative Biolabs offers a series of high-quality CSF1R membrane protein products, suitable for structural and functional research. Relying on the independently developed MemDX™ recombinant membrane protein technology platform, CSF1R proteins can be prepared through various expression systems, including virus-like particles (VLP) and in vitro prokaryotic expression systems. These rigorously validated protein products, such as MemDX™ recombinant human CSF1R membrane protein as virus-like particles and human CSF1R proteins from various expression systems, can be used in ELISA, antibody screening and identification, binding experiments, and functional research, providing reliable tools for researchers to analyze the ligand interactions and signaling mechanisms of CSF1R.
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Constructing a robust cell model is crucial for the study of CSF1R-mediated myeloid cell signaling. As a type III receptor tyrosine kinase that controls the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of mononuclear phagocytes, the expression level and kinase activity of CSF1R directly affect downstream PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK signaling output and the functional phenotype of macrophage lineage cells. Different ligand concentrations, receptor mutations, or changes in expression levels may lead to significant differences in signaling pathway activation and cellular differentiation outcomes. Creative Biolabs offers customized CSF1R membrane protein stable transfection cell models, covering wild-type and various functionally characterized mutant forms, including disease-associated kinase domain variants. These models stably express the target protein on the plasma membrane, and are suitable for studies on ligand-induced receptor autophosphorylation, downstream signaling pathway analysis, macrophage differentiation and polarization assays, and assessment of kinase inhibitor efficacy, providing a reliable and reproducible platform for exploring the signaling mechanism, structure-function relationship, and myeloid regulatory network of CSF1R. Our technology ensures plasma membrane integrity and correct protein localization, facilitating your research.
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Creative Biolabs offers highly specific recombinant antibodies targeting CSF1R, produced using advanced recombinant antibody technology. Compared to traditional antibodies, these recombinant antibodies demonstrate superior performance in terms of specificity, sensitivity, and batch-to-batch consistency. They can also be modified and labeled in various ways. Our CSF1R recombinant antibodies support a wide range of applications, including Western Blot, ELISA, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, immunocytochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and immunoprecipitation, and can be used to detect differences in CSF1R expression levels in various myeloid cell types and tissues, analyze its cell surface localization and activation-induced internalization, and conduct related research such as ligand-receptor interaction and downstream signaling pathway analysis. These antibodies provide reliable detection tools for the structural analysis, functional study of CSF1R, and the investigation of its regulation in the myeloid cell signaling network.
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In addition to the standard products, Creative Biolabs also offers professional customized services for CSF1R. CSF1R has functionally significant kinase domain variants and glycosylation states with differences in ligand-binding affinity and signaling activity. These molecular characteristics have specific requirements in aspects such as protein expression, antigen design, and functional verification. Leveraging our technology platform, we can assist you in completing the following customized projects:
CSF1R primarily functions as a type III receptor tyrosine kinase on the plasma membrane of myeloid lineage cells, serving as the receptor for the ligands CSF1 and IL-34. Upon ligand binding, CSF1R dimerizes and undergoes autophosphorylation at specific tyrosine residues, activating PI3K/AKT, MAPK/ERK, and SRC family kinase pathways to control the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of mononuclear phagocytes including macrophages, osteoclasts, and microglia. The receptor is internalized upon activation and continues signaling from endosomal compartments. It is an important model for studying the relationship between receptor tyrosine kinase structure and function as well as the regulatory mechanisms of myeloid cell biology.
CSF1R is a critical regulator of myeloid cell development and function with broad relevance to multiple disease areas. Dominant kinase domain mutations cause adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with progressive neurodegeneration, while bi-allelic mutations cause a severe pediatric syndrome. In oncology, CSF1R signaling drives tumor-associated macrophage recruitment and immunosuppression, and CSF1R inhibitors are being developed as cancer immunotherapeutics. Studying the regulation and function of CSF1R is helpful for a deeper understanding of macrophage biology, microglial function in the CNS, and the development of therapeutic strategies targeting myeloid cell-mediated pathology.
Not applicable. All CSF1R products and services provided by Creative Biolabs are for research purposes only and cannot be used for any clinical diagnosis, prevention, treatment or cure of any disease.
We offer a variety of product types, including recombinant CSF1R membrane proteins, stable cell models expressing CSF1R, high-quality recombinant CSF1R antibodies, as well as comprehensive customized services.