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CSF1R

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All listed services and products are For Research Use Only. Do Not use in any diagnostic or therapeutic applications.

Background

The CSF1R gene is located in the 5q32 region of the human chromosome and encodes the colony stimulating factor 1 receptor (CSF1R), a type III receptor tyrosine kinase of the PDGF/CSF1 receptor subfamily, also referred to as c-FMS or CD115. CSF1R is a single-pass type I transmembrane protein, with an extracellular domain containing five immunoglobulin-like domains, a split intracellular kinase domain characteristic of type III RTKs, and a C-terminal regulatory tail. Its molecular weight is approximately 109 kDa, and it is predominantly expressed on myeloid lineage cells including monocytes, macrophages, osteoclasts, and microglia. As the receptor for the ligands CSF1 and IL-34, CSF1R undergoes ligand-induced dimerization and autophosphorylation at specific tyrosine residues, activating downstream PI3K/AKT, MAPK/ERK, and SRC family kinase pathways that govern the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of mononuclear phagocytes. CSF1R signaling is required for osteoclast development and bone resorption, and for the development and maintenance of microglia in the central nervous system. Mutations in CSF1R cause autosomal dominant adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with axonal spheroids and pigmented glia, characterized by progressive cognitive decline, behavioral changes, and motor dysfunction, while bi-allelic mutations cause a severe pediatric syndrome combining brain abnormalities with dysosteosclerosis. In the tumor microenvironment, CSF1R signaling promotes the recruitment and immunosuppressive polarization of tumor-associated macrophages, and CSF1R inhibitors such as pexidartinib have been developed to deplete these cells and reprogram the tumor immune microenvironment. Therefore, CSF1R is regarded as an important molecular target for studying macrophage biology, microglial function, and tumor microenvironment regulation. Its functional analysis provides valuable tools for understanding the molecular basis of myeloid cell development and developing therapeutic strategies targeting macrophage-mediated pathology.

Fig.1 CSF1R microglia depletion — TBI protection. (OA Literature)Fig. 1 Colony Stimulating Factor 1 Receptor (CSF1R) microglia depletion improves outcome from traumatic brain injury.1

Function of CSF1R Protein: A Central RTK Governing Myeloid Cell Development and Microglial Homeostasis

The functional spectrum of CSF1R is extensive and is continuously expanding:

  • Regulation of mononuclear phagocyte development: CSF1R serves as the primary receptor for CSF1 and IL-34, and upon ligand binding undergoes dimerization and autophosphorylation, activating PI3K/AKT, MAPK/ERK, and SRC family kinase pathways that control the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of monocytes, macrophages, and related myeloid lineage cells.
  • Osteoclast development and bone homeostasis: CSF1R signaling is essential for osteoclast differentiation and bone resorption activity, and loss of CSF1R function in mice results in severe osteopetrosis due to the complete absence of osteoclasts, demonstrating its indispensable role in skeletal development and bone remodeling.
  • Microglial development and CNS maintenance: CSF1R is absolutely required for the development and maintenance of microglia in the central nervous system, with IL-34 serving as a critical ligand in the brain; CSF1R deficiency leads to near-complete absence of microglia and disrupted brain development, including defective myelination and olfactory deficits.
  • Therapeutic targeting in cancer and neurodegeneration: CSF1R has emerged as a pharmacological target in both oncology and neurology, with small-molecule inhibitors such as pexidartinib being developed to deplete tumor-associated macrophages and reprogram the tumor microenvironment, while strategies to modulate microglial CSF1R signaling are being explored for neurodegenerative conditions.

CSF1R Membrane Protein Product

Creative Biolabs offers a series of high-quality CSF1R membrane protein products, suitable for structural and functional research. Relying on the independently developed MemDX™ recombinant membrane protein technology platform, CSF1R proteins can be prepared through various expression systems, including virus-like particles (VLP) and in vitro prokaryotic expression systems. These rigorously validated protein products, such as MemDX™ recombinant human CSF1R membrane protein as virus-like particles and human CSF1R proteins from various expression systems, can be used in ELISA, antibody screening and identification, binding experiments, and functional research, providing reliable tools for researchers to analyze the ligand interactions and signaling mechanisms of CSF1R.

CSF1R Protein Product

Not finding the membrane protein product you need? Contact us to start your one-stop custom service!

CSF1R Stable Cell Line Product

Constructing a robust cell model is crucial for the study of CSF1R-mediated myeloid cell signaling. As a type III receptor tyrosine kinase that controls the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of mononuclear phagocytes, the expression level and kinase activity of CSF1R directly affect downstream PI3K/AKT and MAPK/ERK signaling output and the functional phenotype of macrophage lineage cells. Different ligand concentrations, receptor mutations, or changes in expression levels may lead to significant differences in signaling pathway activation and cellular differentiation outcomes. Creative Biolabs offers customized CSF1R membrane protein stable transfection cell models, covering wild-type and various functionally characterized mutant forms, including disease-associated kinase domain variants. These models stably express the target protein on the plasma membrane, and are suitable for studies on ligand-induced receptor autophosphorylation, downstream signaling pathway analysis, macrophage differentiation and polarization assays, and assessment of kinase inhibitor efficacy, providing a reliable and reproducible platform for exploring the signaling mechanism, structure-function relationship, and myeloid regulatory network of CSF1R. Our technology ensures plasma membrane integrity and correct protein localization, facilitating your research.

CSF1R Stable Cell Line Product

Not finding the stable cell line product you need? Contact us to start your one-stop custom service!

CSF1R Recombinant Antibody Product

Creative Biolabs offers highly specific recombinant antibodies targeting CSF1R, produced using advanced recombinant antibody technology. Compared to traditional antibodies, these recombinant antibodies demonstrate superior performance in terms of specificity, sensitivity, and batch-to-batch consistency. They can also be modified and labeled in various ways. Our CSF1R recombinant antibodies support a wide range of applications, including Western Blot, ELISA, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, immunocytochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and immunoprecipitation, and can be used to detect differences in CSF1R expression levels in various myeloid cell types and tissues, analyze its cell surface localization and activation-induced internalization, and conduct related research such as ligand-receptor interaction and downstream signaling pathway analysis. These antibodies provide reliable detection tools for the structural analysis, functional study of CSF1R, and the investigation of its regulation in the myeloid cell signaling network.

CSF1R Recombinant Antibody Product

Not finding the recombinant antibody product you need? Contact us to start your one-stop custom service!

Product Features

  • Diversified expression systems: A range of recombinant protein production platforms is available, including virus-like particles and prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression systems, adapted to the needs of diverse research applications.
  • Broad range of experimental applications: Products can be employed in ELISA, antibody screening, binding assays, enzyme activity measurements, Western Blot, immunofluorescence, and immunohistochemistry experiments.
  • Stringent batch-to-batch consistency: Rigorous quality control procedures maintain product stability across batches, ensuring the dependability and reproducibility of experimental results.
  • Flexible customization options: Personalized customization services are available for specific isoform variants, tag configurations, or expression system platforms.

Custom CSF1R Membrane Protein and Antibody Discovery Services

In addition to the standard products, Creative Biolabs also offers professional customized services for CSF1R. CSF1R has functionally significant kinase domain variants and glycosylation states with differences in ligand-binding affinity and signaling activity. These molecular characteristics have specific requirements in aspects such as protein expression, antigen design, and functional verification. Leveraging our technology platform, we can assist you in completing the following customized projects:

  • Customized production of membrane proteins: Tailored expression using multiple expression systems, purification, and characterization for different glycosylation states and mutant forms including disease-associated variants.
  • Customized antibody development: From antigen design to antibody engineering (monoclonal, polyclonal, recombinant antibodies), supporting variant discrimination or recognition of conserved epitopes across the extracellular domain.
  • Construction of stable cell model: Generate stable cell models that express wild-type or specific kinase domain variants, for the purpose of comparative signaling studies and inhibitor response profiling.
  • Development of the functional detection system: Design and execute experimental protocols such as receptor autophosphorylation assays, downstream signaling pathway analysis, and assessment of functional differences among kinase domain variants.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

  1. What is the main function of the CSF1R gene?

    CSF1R primarily functions as a type III receptor tyrosine kinase on the plasma membrane of myeloid lineage cells, serving as the receptor for the ligands CSF1 and IL-34. Upon ligand binding, CSF1R dimerizes and undergoes autophosphorylation at specific tyrosine residues, activating PI3K/AKT, MAPK/ERK, and SRC family kinase pathways to control the survival, proliferation, and differentiation of mononuclear phagocytes including macrophages, osteoclasts, and microglia. The receptor is internalized upon activation and continues signaling from endosomal compartments. It is an important model for studying the relationship between receptor tyrosine kinase structure and function as well as the regulatory mechanisms of myeloid cell biology.

  2. Why is CSF1R an important research target?

    CSF1R is a critical regulator of myeloid cell development and function with broad relevance to multiple disease areas. Dominant kinase domain mutations cause adult-onset leukoencephalopathy with progressive neurodegeneration, while bi-allelic mutations cause a severe pediatric syndrome. In oncology, CSF1R signaling drives tumor-associated macrophage recruitment and immunosuppression, and CSF1R inhibitors are being developed as cancer immunotherapeutics. Studying the regulation and function of CSF1R is helpful for a deeper understanding of macrophage biology, microglial function in the CNS, and the development of therapeutic strategies targeting myeloid cell-mediated pathology.

  3. Is the CSF1R product of Creative Biolabs suitable for clinical applications?

    Not applicable. All CSF1R products and services provided by Creative Biolabs are for research purposes only and cannot be used for any clinical diagnosis, prevention, treatment or cure of any disease.

  4. What types of CSF1R products does Creative Biolabs offer?

    We offer a variety of product types, including recombinant CSF1R membrane proteins, stable cell models expressing CSF1R, high-quality recombinant CSF1R antibodies, as well as comprehensive customized services.

Reference
  1. Boland, Rebecca, and Olga N. Kokiko-Cochran. "Deplete and repeat: microglial CSF1R inhibition and traumatic brain injury." Frontiers in cellular neuroscience 18 (2024): 1352790. Under Open Access license CC BY 4.0, without modification. https://doi.org/10.3389/fncel.2024.1352790
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