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DLK1

Products

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All listed services and products are For Research Use Only. Do Not use in any diagnostic or therapeutic applications.

Background

Delta like non-canonical Notch ligand 1 (DLK1) protein (also known as preadipocyte factor 1 [Pref-1], fetal antigen 1 FA1, or pG2) is a type I membrane glycoprotein of about 50 kDa belonging to the epidermal growth factor (EGF)-like repeat progenitor family. Downloaded with the maternally imprinted, paternally expressed DLK1 gene on human chromosome 14q32. 2, the mature protein consists of six adjacent EGFlike repeats in its extracellular domain preceding a juxtamembrane area, a unique transmembrane alpha helix, and a modest intracellular tail. In contrast to the canonical Notch ligands DLL1, DLL3 and DLL4, DLK1 is referred to as a non-canonical ligand because it does not contain the DSL (Delta-Serenade-Lag2) domain which mediates direct activation of notch receptors. Recent studies showed that alternative splicing gives rise to multiple isoforms, which differ in sensitivity to ectodomain shedding. Recently, TNF-α-converting enzyme (TACE) was demonstrated to cleave isoforms with the juxtamembrane protease recognition site and release a large 50-kDa soluble fragment (DLK1S) into the extracellular space. Conversely, splice variants that lack this region remain stably membrane tethered (DLK1M). Although both forms are biologically active but existing evidence indicates that they serve different physiologic functions. The soluble form to a variety of newly emerging roles in serum and serves an important role as autocrine/paracrine signaling factor, whilst the membrane-bound form primarily mediates juxtacrine signaling at cell-cell interfaces.

Fig.1 Schematic of DLK1 ncRNA locus features. (OA Literature)Fig.1 Schematic of Dlk1-Dio3 ncRNA locus features.1

DLK1 Protein Function: A Multifaceted Regulator of Differentiation, Stemness, and Malignancy

DLK1 has biological functions in development, metabolism and oncogenesis:

  • Adipogenesis and Metabolic Gatekeeping: DLK1 triggers ERK/MAPK signaling in preadipocytes to transcriptionally upregulate Sox9, a repressor of adipogenic program which maintains an undifferentiated state. This inhibitory effect depends on the interaction of DLK1 with extracellular matrix fibronectin. Mice deficient in Dlk1 exhibit massive obesity while overexpression of this gene as a soluble protein leads to reduced fat pad size, which suggests that DLK1 is a bona fide gatekeeper (P20)of adipose tissue expansion. DLK1 not only inhibits white adipogenesis but also brown adipocytes differentiation and functional thermogenesis.
  • Muscle Regeneration and Stem Cell Maintenance: Highly expressed in satellite cells, DLK1 regulates the determination towards proliferation vs differentiation in regenerating myofibers. In particular, genetic analyses of callipyge sheep indicate that mutations close to the DLK1 locus lead to apparent muscle hypertrophy. DLK1 is critical in perinatal skeletal muscle development and regeneration, and its up-regulation was previously shown to promote myoblast proliferation and differentiation in mammalian systems.
  • Cancer Stemness and Immunotherapy Target: DLK1 is aberrantly re-expressed in multiple human cancers acting as a Cancer stemness and immunotherapy target. It recognizes novel uncharacterized cancer stem cell populations and mediates chemotherapy resistance by upregulating the ABCB1 (MDR1, P-glycoprotein) multidrug efflux pump following Notch1 signaling suppression.

DLK1 Membrane Protein Product

Accelerate your stem cell and oncology research with our freshly prepared recombinant DLK1 protein catalog. The EGF-like repeat architecture, alternative splicing, and TACE-mediated shedding have their unique production challenges which we are cognizant of. To resolve these, we apply multi-purpose expression platforms—including mammalian HEK293 cells and E. coli systems—to generate properly folded and glycosylated DLK1 protein constructs that maintain binding affinity and native immunoreactivity. We provide full-length membrane-bound DLK1 (DLK1M), large soluble ectodomain (DLK1S) and domain-specific fragments including the EGF-like repeats. Every preparation is biophysically validated for use in structural studies, perform ligand binding assays or antibody screening.

DLK1 Protein Product

Not finding the membrane protein product you need? Contact us to start your one-stop custom service!

DLK1 Stable Cell Line Product

Cellular models that are reliable and reproducible are essential for studying DLK1-driven biology and testing therapeutic candidates. Delivering stable cell lines engineered to express wild-type or altered versions of human, mouse and rat DLK1, as well as cells with up- or down-together endogenous extraction in which loss-of-function studies can be retained. These platforms enable scalable high-throughput adipogenesis assays, studies of cancer stem cell sphere formation, Notch reporter gene analysis and ADC internalization quantification with the level of experimental consistency demanded by multi-phase research collaborations.

DLK1 Stable Cell Line Product

Not finding the stable cell line product you need? Contact us to start your one-stop custom service!

DLK1 Recombinant Antibody Product

You are covered with our wide range of high-affinity recombinant antibodies against DLK1 that have been specifically developed for challenging applications. This allows for the production of high quality monoclonal antibodies with greater specificity, sensitivity and batch to batch consistency than is achievable with more classical polyclonal antibodies. We have developed a number of DLK1 recombinant antibodies that are validated to be used in many research methods such as Western Blotting (WB), ELISA, Flow Cytometry (FCM), Immunofluorescence (IF), Immunocytochemistry (ICC), Immunohistochemistry (IHC) and immunoprecipitation with application to detect protein in different mediums ever as preadipocyte lysates and tumor biopsies or serum samples.

DLK1 Recombinant Antibody Product

Not finding the recombinant antibody product you need? Contact us to start your one-stop custom service!

Product Features

  • High Purity & Activity: High purity and verified integrity for dependable downstream work.
  • Diverse Expression Systems: Choice of expression formats to match routine or specialized projects.
  • Species Reactivity: Products available for human, mouse, pig, and other species.
  • Validated Applications: Application-tested to deliver consistent signals across common lab workflows.
  • Exceptional Lot-to-Lot Consistency: Tight lot-to-lot control for reproducible performance.
  • Customization Options: Flexible customization of tags, labels, or packaging upon request.

Custom DLK1 Membrane Protein and Antibody Discovery Services

In addition to our catalog offerings we provide specialized custom services for protein and antibody discovery and development. With the unique background and experience we have gained over hundreds of stem cell biology, adipogenesis, and immuno-oncology studies and projects aided by our collaborative scientific approach, we can help you with:

  • Custom DLK1 Receptor Production: Tailored expression, purification, and characterization of challenging multi-domain receptor constructs.
  • Custom Antibody Development: From antigen design to antibody engineering (monoclonal, polyclonal, recombinant) for specific research applications.
  • Stable Cell Line Development: Generation of bespoke stable cell lines expressing your target of interest.
  • Functional Assay Development: Designing and executing assays to assess receptor activation and ligand.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

  1. Do you provide antibodies that distinguish between the membrane-bound full-length DLK1 and the metalloproteinase-shed soluble ectodomain?

    We do offer domain-specific antibodies for the intracellular C-terminal tail and juxtamembrane stalk region devoid in the ADAM-cleaved soluble ectodomain. These clones result in robust membranous signal in assays like flow cytometry and immunofluorescence while showing little cross-reactivity with the shed extracellular domain, allowing for accurate determination of the surface resident versus secreted pools without differential centrifugation.

  2. Are your DLK1 products suitable for clinical or diagnostic use?

    No, all DLK1 products and services are for research use only but not for clinical diagnosis, prevention, treatment or cure of any disease.

  3. Are there available recombinant DLK1 variants with targeted deletions within certain EGF-like repeats for comparative structure–function and receptor-binding studies?

    Yes, we have recombinant proteins and stable cell lines that express well-characterized deletion variants that knock out individual EGF-like repeats. This tool set is essential for disambiguating the roles of individual extracellular domains mediating Notch receptor engagement from membrane-anchoring and intracellular trafficking functions.

  4. Can you provide bulk order or custom formulations for high-throughput screening?

    Yes. Flexible pricing tiers to meet the academic and industrial scale-up needs. Kindly fill in your expected volume and timeline in our inquiry portal to get a customized quotation.

Reference
  1. Dill, Tiffany L., and Francisco J. Naya. "A hearty dose of noncoding RNAs: the imprinted DLK1-DIO3 locus in cardiac development and disease." Journal of cardiovascular development and disease 5.3 (2018): 37. Under Open Access license CC BY 4.0, without modification. https://doi.org/10.3390/jcdd5030037
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