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GRINA

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All listed services and products are For Research Use Only. Do Not use in any diagnostic or therapeutic applications.

Background

Glutamate ionotropic receptor NMDA type subunit associated protein 1 (GRINA), also known as protein lifeguard 1 (LFG1/TMBIM3) or NMDA receptor glutamate binding subunit (NMDARA1), is a transmembrane protein consisting of 371 amino acids. A founding member of the transmembrane BAX inhibitor motif-containing (TMBIM) protein family, GRINA exhibits structural homology with five related proteins (TMBIM1/RECS1, TMBIM2/LFG, TMBIM4/GAAP, TMBIM5/GHITM and TMBIM6/BI-1), all of which possess six to seven transmembrane-spanning domains forming a hydrophilic cavity and a conserved UPF0005 motif of unknown function. GRINA is expressed in all human tissues, with the highest expression in brain (RPKM 68.3), adipose tissue (RPKM 80.7), kidney and other epithelial cell populations indicating an essential cellular role for GRINA homeostasis. Sub-cellular localization validates their presence primarily on endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi membranes, where GRINA plays a key role in intracellular calcium flux control as well as functioning as an apoptosis regulator. GRINA was first described as a component of the NMDA receptor ion channel complex purified from rat brain, but it has now been found to be more broadly expressed and functionally versatile, with implications in neurobiology, oncology and metabolic disease. The modulation of ER calcium homeostasis, interaction with Bcl-2 family proteins and protection against stress-induced cell death make GRINA a potential pharmacological target and a critical reagent for molecular mechanisms studies across multiple biomedical fields.

Fig.1 The role of GRINA in vesicle traffic and sorting. (OA Literature)Fig.1 The role of GRINA in vesicle traffic and sorting.1

GRINA Protein Function: A Nexus of Calcium Homeostasis and Cell Survival

GRINA is functionally diverse and its repertoire continues to broaden as research progresses, spanning many interconnected biological processes:

  • ER Calcium Homeostasis and Apoptotic Regulation: GRINA is a central regulator of endoplasmic reticulum calcium ion homeostasis that modulates calcium release from stores via interactions with inositol 1,4,5-trisphosphate receptors (IP3R) and other calcium channels. GRINA is a target gene of unfolded protein response (UPR), and its expression was upregulated under the condition of ER stress, thus contributing to the anti-ER stress apoptotic process by stabilising calcium homeostasis in the ER lumen.
  • Oncogenic Signaling and Tumor Progression: The GRINA expression is significantly upregulated in various malignancies (e.g., gastric cancer, colorectal cancer and glioma), where it promotes aerobic glycolysis (Warburg effect), cell cycle progression, and metastasis invasion. In gastric cancer, GRINA is transcriptionally upregulated by c-Myc and is associated with adverse clinical outcomes including tumor depth, lymph node invasion, and vascular invasion.
  • Neuroglutamatergic Signaling and Neuropsychiatric Disease: Originally classified as a member of the NMDA receptor complex, GRINA has since been shown to participate in various aspects of glutamate-mediated neurotransmission. Indeed, molecular mimicry between gliadin peptides and the protein GRINA has been proposed to serve as a mechanistic link between gluten sensitivity and schizophrenia pathophysiology in a subset of patients, indicating that this protein is relevant for neuroimmune interaction plausibly contributing to psychopathological processes.

GRINA Membrane Protein Product

Built with a range of high-quality GRINA membrane protein products, Company A provides research tools to support structural and functional studies of this multi-pass transmembrane protein. GRINA proteins are produced through our recombinant membrane protein platform, with available constructs and formats selected according to specific research requirements. These products can support applications such as antibody production and characterization, binding assays, structural studies, and investigation of GRINA-associated molecular interactions. They provide useful tools for studying GRINA and its involvement in membrane-associated signaling and related cellular processes.

GRINA Protein Product

Not finding the membrane protein product you need? Contact us to start your one-stop custom service!

GRINA Stable Cell Line Product

Company A's findings have extensive implications for several critical aspects of GRINA research, particularly in developing strong cellular models. We provide customized GRINA stable cell lines designed to support consistent target expression or regulation according to specific research requirements. These cell models can be used for studies of GRINA-associated cellular responses, pathway modulation, compound screening, and other functional research applications. Cell model design, expression strategy, and appropriate characterization or functional readouts can be determined based on the intended experimental design.

GRINA Stable Cell Line Product

Not finding the stable cell line product you need? Contact us to start your one-stop custom service!

GRINA Recombinant Antibody Product

We provide GRINA recombinant antibodies to support a range of research applications. Recombinant production enables sequence-defined and renewable antibody reagents with consistent lot-to-lot production. Depending on the specific product and supporting datasheet, selected GRINA antibodies may be suitable or available for applications such as Western Blotting (WB), ELISA, Flow Cytometry (FCM), Immunofluorescence (IF), Immunocytochemistry (ICC), Immunohistochemistry (IHC), and Immunoprecipitation (IP). These antibodies can support the detection and analysis of GRINA in appropriate research samples and model systems. Product-specific specificity, epitope information, sample compatibility, and application performance should be determined according to the corresponding antibody data.

GRINA Recombinant Antibody Product

Not finding the recombinant antibody product you need? Contact us to start your one-stop custom service!

Product Features

  • High Purity & Activity: High purity and verified integrity for dependable downstream work.
  • Diverse Expression Systems: Choice of expression formats to match routine or specialized projects.
  • Species Reactivity: Products available for human, mouse, pig, and other species.
  • Validated Applications: Application-tested to deliver consistent signals across common lab workflows.
  • Exceptional Lot-to-Lot Consistency: Tight lot-to-lot control for reproducible performance.
  • Customization Options: Flexible customization of tags, labels, or packaging upon request.

Custom GRINA Membrane Protein and Antibody Discovery Services

In addition to our catalog products, Company A specializes in custom services for membrane protein and antibody discovery & development. Using our deep knowledge and sophisticated platforms we can support you with:

  • Custom GRINA Receptor Production: Tailored expression, purification, and characterization of challenging multi-domain receptor constructs.
  • Custom Antibody Development: From antigen design to antibody engineering (monoclonal, polyclonal, recombinant) for specific research applications.
  • Stable Cell Line Development: Generation of bespoke stable cell lines expressing your target of interest.
  • Functional Assay Development: Designing and executing assays to assess receptor activation and ligand.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

  1. Are GRINA Products of Company A Suitable for Clinical Use?

    No, all of the GRINA products and services offered by Company A are intended strictly for research use only, not for clinical diagnosis, prevention, treatment or cure of a disease.

  2. Is it possible for Company A to generate antibodies toward certain GRINA domains or specific conformational epitopes?

    We exploit sophisticated immunization approaches with VLP-embedded antigen presentation, whole-cell exposing GRINA-overexpessing lines and peptide-based methods to those outside-of-extracell loops. We offer both hybridoma and phage display platforms capable of generating conformation-sensitive, domain-specific antibodies for structural studies, functional blocking and diagnostic applications.

  3. Do you provide antibodies to GRINA that is assembled into the NMDA receptor complex at postsynaptic density instead of unpartnered monomeric pool in endoplasmic reticulum?

    Yes, we offer conformational epitopes on GRINA that exposed by GluN1 co-assembly and postsynaptic scaffolding protein recruitment using complex-selective antibodies. Such reagents allow co-immunoprecipitation and immunofluorescence detection of the intact synaptic complex in fixed neuronal cultures or membrane preparations with very low signal against unassembled monomeric species retained in the ER.

  4. What do Company A's GRINA products look like?

    Ideally, we offer a full pipeline including recombinant GRINA membrane proteins (multiple formats), stable cell lines expressing GRINA, high-affinity recombinant GRINA antibodies as well as an integrated service for fully customized protein engineering and antibody discovery projects. Our catalogue includes human, mouse, rat and other species variants to fulfil different research program needs.

Reference
  1. Jiménez-González, Víctor, et al. "Deciphering GRINA/Lifeguard1: Nuclear location, ca2+ homeostasis and vesicle transport." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 20.16 (2019): 4005. Under Open Access license CC BY 4.0, without modification. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms20164005
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