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ITGB2

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All listed services and products are For Research Use Only. Do Not use in any diagnostic or therapeutic applications.

Background

Integrin subunit beta 2 (ITGB2), encoded by the ITGB2 gene on chromosome 21q22.3 and also known as CD18, is a cell surface adhesion receptor that serves as the common beta subunit of the β2 integrin family. The gene spans approximately 43 kb and contains 17 exons, encoding a 769-amino-acid protein with a molecular mass of around 85 kDa. The central region of the β2 subunit (residues 125–385) adopts an I-domain-like fold—referred to as the β2 I-domain—which is essential for ligand binding and heterodimer formation. Within this region, a highly conserved von Willebrand factor type A domain (residues 124–364) contains contact sites between α and β subunits and is required for proper processing of the subunit precursor. ITGB2 is a type I transmembrane glycoprotein expressed predominantly in the hematopoietic system, with high levels found on leukocytes including neutrophils, monocytes, lymphocytes, and macrophages. ITGB2 pairs non-covalently with four distinct α subunits—CD11a (αL), CD11b (αM), CD11c (αX), and CD11d (αD)—encoded by the ITGAL, ITGAM, ITGAX, and ITGAD genes. These pairings generate four heterodimeric integrin receptors: LFA-1 (αLβ2/CD11a-CD18), Mac-1 (αMβ2/CD11b-CD18), p150,95 (αXβ2/CD11c-CD18), and αDβ2 (CD11d-CD18).

Through these heterodimeric complexes, ITGB2 mediates leukocyte adhesion, transmigration, and signaling during immune responses. The β2 integrins recognize inflammatory cues and bind to a range of ligands, including ICAM1 (CD54), ICAM2 (CD102), ICAM3 (CD50), ICAM4, the iC3b fragment of complement component C3, and fibrinogen. Upon ligand engagement, β2 integrins establish firm adhesion of leukocytes to the vascular endothelium; signaling through these integrins then triggers the transport of attached leukocytes across the blood vessel wall to sites of infection or injury. Through these interactions, ITGB2 supports neutrophil transmigration, immunological synapse formation, phagocytosis, and erythrophagocytosis. ITGB2 is also involved in integrin-mediated signaling pathways including the Rap1 signaling pathway and integrin signaling pathway. Inherited mutations in ITGB2 that disrupt β2 integrin expression result in leukocyte adhesion deficiency type I (LAD-I), a primary immunodeficiency characterized by severe recurrent infections and impaired wound healing. At least 90 mutations in the ITGB2 gene have been identified in LAD-I patients. These properties make ITGB2 an important research target for studies of leukocyte adhesion and trafficking, integrin-mediated signaling, immune cell function, and the molecular basis of leukocyte adhesion deficiencies.

Fig.1 Structure of ITGB2. (OA Literature) Fig. 1 Visual representation of β2 integrin structure and conserved regulatory conformations.1

ITGB2 Protein Function: Roles in Leukocyte Adhesion, Transmigration, and Integrin Signaling

ITGB2, encoded by the ITGB2 gene, functions as the common beta subunit of the β2 integrin family, mediating leukocyte adhesion and signaling through heterodimer formation:

  • Heterodimer Formation and Integrin Assembly: ITGB2 pairs non-covalently with CD11a (αL), CD11b (αM), CD11c (αX), or CD11d (αD) to form four distinct heterodimeric integrin receptors—LFA-1, Mac-1, p150,95, and αDβ2—each with distinct functional profiles.
  • Leukocyte Adhesion and Transmigration: β2 integrins mediate firm adhesion of leukocytes to vascular endothelium and trigger the transport of attached leukocytes across the blood vessel wall to sites of infection or injury.
  • Ligand Recognition and Binding: ITGB2-containing integrins bind to multiple ligands including ICAM1, ICAM2, ICAM3, ICAM4, the iC3b fragment of complement component C3, and fibrinogen.
  • Immune Cell Functions: Through its heterodimeric partners, ITGB2 supports neutrophil transmigration, immunological synapse formation, phagocytosis, chemotaxis, and lymphocyte proliferation.
  • Integrin-Mediated Signaling: ITGB2 participates in integrin signaling pathways including Rap1 signaling and other intracellular signaling cascades that regulate immune cell behavior.

ITGB2 Membrane Protein Product

Creative Biolabs offers high-quality ITGB2 membrane protein products produced using optimized expression systems. These include full-length type I transmembrane protein that retains the native membrane-spanning domain and extracellular βI domain, as well as isolated extracellular domain variants containing the βI domain and I-domain-like fold. The extracellular domain mediates α subunit heterodimerization and ligand binding, making these proteins suitable for studies of integrin assembly, ligand-receptor interactions, and signaling characterization. All ITGB2 proteins undergo strict quality control to support consistent performance across applicable research platforms.

Custom ITGB2 Protein Product

Not finding the protein product you need? Contact us to start your one-stop custom service!

ITGB2 Stable Cell Line Product

Creative Biolabs provides custom-engineered ITGB2 stable cell lines, including overexpression and knockdown models. These cell lines are optimized for studies of leukocyte adhesion, transmigration, integrin signaling, and immune cell function. Each cell line undergoes stringent validation to ensure stable expression profiles and consistent functional performance in diverse experimental contexts.

ITGB2 Stable Cell Line Product

Not finding the stable cell line product you need? Contact us to start your one-stop custom service!

ITGB2 Recombinant Antibody Product

High-specificity recombinant antibodies targeting ITGB2 are developed using antibody engineering technologies for research applications involving ITGB2 expression and localization. These antibodies can be used in studies of ITGB2 distribution on leukocyte surfaces and may also support characterization of β2 integrin heterodimers and ligand-binding interactions in combination with appropriate detection reagents.

ITGB2 Recombinant Antibody Product

Not finding the recombinant antibody product you need? Contact us to start your one-stop custom service!

Product Features

  • Native Integrin Structure Preservation: Maintains the characteristic βI domain and I-domain-like fold essential for α subunit heterodimerization and ligand-binding studies.
  • Leukocyte Biology Research Compatibility: Optimized reagent series for studies of leukocyte adhesion, transmigration, immunological synapse formation, and integrin-mediated signaling.
  • High Specificity for ITGB2: Minimizes non-specific cross-reactivity with other integrin beta subunits including ITGB1, ITGB3, and ITGB4-8.
  • Comprehensive Customization Support: Facilitates end-to-end development of customized proteins, antibodies and stable cell lines to address integrin signaling and leukocyte biology research demands.

Custom ITGB2 Research Services

Beyond catalog products, Creative Biolabs offers specialized custom services for ITGB2 research:

  • Custom ITGB2 Protein Production: Tailored expression of mutant and tagged ITGB2 constructs for integrin assembly and ligand-binding studies.
  • Custom Antibody Development: Generation of ITGB2-specific antibodies for immunostaining, flow cytometry, and protein detection applications.
  • Stable Cell Line Engineering: Construction of ITGB2-modified cell models for leukocyte adhesion, transmigration, and integrin signaling research.
  • Functional Assay Development: Custom design of adhesion, migration, and integrin activation detection workflows.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

  1. What is the primary function of ITGB2?

    ITGB2 is the common beta subunit of the β2 integrin family. It pairs with CD11a, CD11b, CD11c, or CD11d to form heterodimeric integrins (LFA-1, Mac-1, p150,95, and αDβ2) that mediate leukocyte adhesion, transmigration, and immune cell signaling.

  2. Why is ITGB2 a significant research target?

    ITGB2 is essential for leukocyte trafficking and immune responses. Its dysfunction causes leukocyte adhesion deficiency type I (LAD-I), making it a key target for studies of leukocyte adhesion, integrin signaling, and primary immunodeficiencies.

  3. Are Creative Biolabs' ITGB2 products suitable for clinical use?

    No, all ITGB2 products and services are strictly for research use only, not intended for clinical diagnosis or treatment.

  4. What types of ITGB2 products does Creative Biolabs offer?

    Offerings include full-length ITGB2 transmembrane proteins, extracellular domain variants, specific detection antibodies, and custom stable cell lines for integrin and leukocyte biology research.

  5. How are ITGB2 proteins validated for activity?

    ITGB2 proteins are validated via heterodimer formation assays, ligand-binding assays, and relevant functional characterization in applicable research platforms.

Reference
  1. Blythe, E. N., et al. "β2 Integrin CD11d/CD18: From Expression to an Emerging Role in Staged Leukocyte Migration." Frontiers in Immunology 12 (2021): 775447. Under Open Access license CC BY 4.0, without modification. https://doi.org/10.3389/fimmu.2021.775447
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