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Nucleolin (NCL), formerly designated as C23, is a 77 kDa phosphoprotein predominantly localized in the nucleolus of eukaryotic cells. As a multifunctional molecular entity, it exhibits dynamic subcellular localization, shuttling between the nucleolus, nucleus, cytoplasm, and cell membrane to fulfill diverse biological roles. Encoded by the NCL gene located on human chromosome 2q35, the protein consists of 706 amino acids and is structurally divided into three distinct functional domains, each specialized for specific molecular interactions.
NCL has emerged as a critical focus in cancer research due to its aberrant expression and potential as a therapeutic target. It is overexpressed in numerous solid tumors, including breast cancer, lung cancer, intrahepatic cholangiocarcinoma (iCCA), and rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS)—the most common pediatric soft tissue sarcoma. In RMS, elevated NCL expression on the cell surface serves as a specific tumor marker, while in aggressive iCCA, p300-mediated NCL lysine 477 lactylation (K477la) regulates RNA splicing to activate oncogenic signaling pathways, correlating with poor prognosis. Preclinical studies targeting NCL have demonstrated promising therapeutic potential, further validating its significance in pediatric cancer research.
Fig.1 NCL-Targeted Liposomal Formulation and Efficacy in Rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS).1
NCL participates in multiple fundamental cellular processes, with its functional repertoire extending beyond nucleolar biology:
Creative Biolabs offers high-quality recombinant NCL membrane proteins tailored for research applications, leveraging the proprietary MemDX™ Recombinant Protein technology. These proteins are expressed in three specialized systems, each optimized to meet distinct research requirements: prokaryotic systems for cost-effective production suitable for basic research, mammalian cell systems for human-like post-translational modifications, and insect cell systems for large-scale production of properly folded proteins ideal for structural studies. All products undergo rigorous quality control procedures to ensure optimal purity and biological activity. These proteins are compatible with a range of applications, including Western Blotting (WB), enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and protein-protein interaction studies, providing reliable tools for NCL research.
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Developing robust cellular models is critical for TSPO research. Company A provides custom-engineered TSPO membrane protein stable cell lines that reliably express high levels of target TSPO. These stable cell lines are ideal for drug screening, ligand binding studies, functional assays, and high-throughput screening, offering a consistent and reproducible platform for investigating TSPO biology and pharmacology. Our expertise ensures optimal expression and cellular integrity, accelerating your research pipeline.
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Our comprehensive portfolio includes high-affinity recombinant antibodies targeting TSPO, developed to meet the rigorous demands of various research applications. These antibodies, produced using advanced recombinant technologies, offer superior specificity, sensitivity, and batch-to-batch consistency compared to traditional polyclonal antibodies. Our TSPO recombinant antibodies are validated for use in Western Blotting (WB), ELISA, Flow Cytometry (FCM), Immunofluorescence (IF), Immunocytochemistry (ICC), Immunohistochemistry (IHC), and Immunoprecipitation (IP), empowering accurate detection and quantification of TSPO in diverse sample types.
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The development of robust cellular models is essential for in-depth NCL research. Creative Biolabs provides custom-engineered stable cell lines with regulated NCL expression, generated through efficient and safe gene delivery technologies. Our stable cell lines are optimized for reliability and reproducibility, supporting applications such as drug screening, functional assays, and mechanism research related to tumors and neurodegenerative diseases. Each cell line undergoes stringent quality validation, including assessments of cellular viability, target protein expression consistency, and functional integrity, ensuring suitability for rigorous research workflows.
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Creative Biolabs offers a portfolio of high-affinity recombinant NCL antibodies developed using advanced recombinant technologies. These antibodies exhibit superior specificity, sensitivity, and batch-to-batch consistency compared to conventional polyclonal antibodies, ensuring reliable and reproducible experimental results. Our NCL recombinant antibodies are validated for compatibility with a range of research applications, enabling accurate detection and analysis of NCL in diverse sample types. The product line covers various functional requirements, providing flexible tools for NCL-related research.
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Beyond catalog products, Creative Biolabs offers specialized custom services for NCL-related protein and antibody discovery and development. Leveraging extensive technical expertise and state-of-the-art platforms, we provide comprehensive solutions to address unique research challenges:
A1: NCL is a multifunctional protein involved in ribosome biogenesis, DNA damage repair, gene regulation, and cell surface receptor-mediated signaling. Its structural versatility enables interactions with DNA, RNA, and proteins, supporting diverse cellular processes.
A2: NCL exhibits aberrant expression and functional dysregulation in tumors and neurodegenerative diseases, making it a significant biomarker and promising therapeutic target for related research.
A3: No, all NCL products and services provided by Creative Biolabs are strictly for research use only and are not intended for clinical diagnosis, prevention, treatment, or cure of any disease.
A4: We offer a comprehensive range of products, including NCL proteins, stable cell lines expressing NCL, and high-quality NCL recombinant antibodies, supplemented with specialized custom services.
A4: Recombinant NCL proteins undergo rigorous functional validation assays tailored to their biological characteristics, ensuring they meet the performance requirements for research applications.