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PRLR

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All listed services and products are For Research Use Only. Do Not use in any diagnostic or therapeutic applications.

Background

Prolactin receptor (PRLR) is a type I single transmembrane cytokine receptor encoded by PRLR gene, which is widely expressed in mammary epithelial cells, gonadal tissues and various tumor cells. The receptor structure includes extracellular prolactin binding domain, transmembrane helix region and intracellular tail structure that can recruit JAK2 kinase When combined with ligand prolactin, PRLR dimerizes and activates JAK2-STAT5 signal axis, thus regulating mammary epithelial proliferation, lactation-related gene expression and reproductive hormone homeostasis. In the physiological state of pregnancy and lactation, moderate PRLR signal can maintain mammary gland acinar differentiation and milk protein synthesis, and ensure normal lactation function. In malignant tumor tissues, the persistent abnormal activation of PRLR can significantly promote the proliferation, survival and metastasis of breast cancer cells. Compared with other type I cytokine receptors, PRLR has tissue-specific lactation regulation function, and this biological function cannot be completely compensated by other homologous hormone receptors. The loss of PRLR function will hinder the process of breast tissue maturation and lactation, while the abnormal overexpression of receptor will promote the malignant progress of hormone-dependent tumors, making it the core target in the field of reproductive endocrinology and breast tumor research.

PRLR locates on the surface of cell membrane, mediates prolactin-dependent signal transduction process, specifically recognizes and binds prolactin through conservative extracellular ligand binding pocket, and then triggers receptor homodimerization activation. Its intracellular functional motif can specifically recruit JAK2 kinase, start the downstream STAT5 transcription regulation program, and form a unique lactation signal pathway different from other cytokine receptors. Hormone signal mediated by PRLR can relate the level of circulating prolactin to the regulation of mammary gland development and tumor proliferation and transcription, and dynamically balance the physiological lactation process and abnormal tumor proliferation signal. This receptor is widely involved in the development of mammary gland acinus, postpartum lactation maintenance and the progress of hormone-positive breast cancer. The expression or functional defect of PRLR will directly lead to the dysfunction of breast tissue.Therefore, PRL represents a pivotal research target for lactogenic receptor biology and anti-breast cancer compound screening.

Fig. 1 Dual regulatory signaling model of prolactin receptor for mammary gland, neuroendocrine and breast cancer research reagents. (OA Literature)Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of PRLR-mediated canonical JAK2-STAT5 transcriptional pathway and PI3K-dependent ion channel electrical signaling.1

PRLR Protein Function: Core Roles in Prolactin Sensing and Mammary Signaling Tuning

The biological functions of PRLR are focused on prolactin ligand binding and JAK2/STAT5 signal transduction:

  • Recognition of prolactin ligand: PRLR can specifically bind to prolactin ligand in the circulation through its own extracellular domain, so as to trigger homodimerization of the receptor and start the downstream signal activation program, which is the initial key step of prolactin signal transduction.
  • Activation of JAK2-STAT5 signal: The intracellular domain of this receptor can specifically recruit JAK2 kinase, and then activate the downstream STAT5 transcription pathway, mediate the specific expression of lactation-related genes, and regulate the physiological process of breast lactation.
  • Regulation of breast physiological homeostasis: During pregnancy and lactation, the normal signal transduction of PRLR can support the differentiation and development of mammary gland acinus, maintain the normal synthesis of milk protein and ensure the stable operation of lactation function.
  • Regulation of tumor proliferation: Abnormal and sustained activation of PRLR can continuously activate hormone-dependent proliferation-promoting signals, effectively maintain the proliferation activity and viability of breast cancer cells, and promote the malignant progress of tumors.
  • Disease-related characteristics: the loss or knock-out of PRLR function will directly inhibit the lactation function of breast, resulting in lactation disorder; The abnormally high expression of PRLR is closely related to the occurrence and development of hormone-positive breast cancer.

PRLR Protein Product

Creative Biolabs offers high-quality PRLR proteins through optimized expression systems, including full-length transmembrane receptor and isolated prolactin-binding extracellular domain variants. These products retain native prolactin binding and JAK2 recruitment biological activity, suitable for hormone-receptor interaction and anti-breast tumor screening assays. All PRLR proteins undergo strict quality control to ensure consistent performance and reliable application across diverse research platforms.

PRLR Protein Product

Not finding the membrane protein product you need? Contact us to start your one-stop custom service!

PRLR Stable Cell Line Product

Creative Biolabs provides custom-engineered PRLR stable cell lines, including overexpression and blank control models. These cell lines are optimized for lactogenic receptor profiling and JAK2/STAT5 signal functional analysis. Each cell line undergoes stringent validation to ensure stable expression profiles and consistent functional performance in diverse experimental contexts.

PRLR Stable Cell Line Product

Not finding the stable cell line product you need? Contact us to start your one-stop custom service!

PRLR Recombinant Antibody Product

High-specificity recombinant antibodies targeting PRLR are developed via advanced antibody engineering technologies, with no cross-reactivity with other class I cytokine receptors. These antibodies are validated for mammary and tumor membrane localization detection, and can be combined with STAT5 detection reagents to analyze complete PRLR signaling complexes in mammary cell models.

PRLR Recombinant Antibody Product

Not finding the recombinant antibody product you need? Contact us to start your one-stop custom service!

Product Features

  • Native Prolactin Binding & STAT5 Signaling Activity: Preserves intact hormone recognition capacity for mammary and tumor research.
  • PRLR Specificity: Eliminates non-specific cross-recognition of unrelated cytokine receptors.
  • Mammary Oncology Compatibility: Optimized reagent series for lactation and hormone-positive tumor screening workflows.
  • Comprehensive Customization Support: Facilitates end-to-end development of customized proteins, antibodies and stable cell lines to address lactogenic receptor research demands.

Custom PRLR Research Services

Beyond catalog products, Creative Biolabs offers specialized custom services for PRLR research:

  • Custom PRLR Protein Production: Tailored expression of mutant and tagged PRLR constructs for prolactin binding interaction analysis.
  • Custom Antibody Development: Generation of PRLR-specific antibodies for mammary epithelial immunostaining.
  • Stable Cell Line Engineering: Construction of PRLR-modified cell models for JAK2/STAT5 signaling research.
  • Functional Assay Development: Custom design of prolactin binding and STAT5 activation detection workflows.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

  1. What is the primary function of PRLR?

    PRLR is a class I cytokine receptor that binds prolactin to trigger homodimerization and activate JAK2-STAT5 signaling for mammary development and lactation.

  2. Why is PRLR a significant research target?

    PRLR mediates core lactogenic hormone responses and drives proliferation of hormone-positive breast malignancies, serving a dual research target in reproductive biology and oncology.

  3. Are Creative Biolabs' PRLR products suitable for clinical use?

    No, all PRLR products and services are strictly for research use only, not intended for clinical diagnosis or treatment.

  4. What types of PRLR products does Creative Biolabs offer?

    Offerings include full-length PRLR receptor proteins, isoform-specific detection antibodies and custom stable cell lines for mammary hormone research.

  5. How are PRLR proteins validated for activity?

    PRLR proteins are validated via prolactin ligand binding and STAT5 activation functional testing.

Reference
  1. Georgescu, Teodora, et al. "The prolactin family of hormones as regulators of maternal mood and behavior." Frontiers in Global Women's Health 2 (2021): 767467. Under Open Access license CC BY 4.0, without modification. https://doi.org/10.3389/fgwh.2021.767467
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