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Prolactin receptor (PRLR) is a type I single transmembrane cytokine receptor encoded by PRLR gene, which is widely expressed in mammary epithelial cells, gonadal tissues and various tumor cells. The receptor structure includes extracellular prolactin binding domain, transmembrane helix region and intracellular tail structure that can recruit JAK2 kinase When combined with ligand prolactin, PRLR dimerizes and activates JAK2-STAT5 signal axis, thus regulating mammary epithelial proliferation, lactation-related gene expression and reproductive hormone homeostasis. In the physiological state of pregnancy and lactation, moderate PRLR signal can maintain mammary gland acinar differentiation and milk protein synthesis, and ensure normal lactation function. In malignant tumor tissues, the persistent abnormal activation of PRLR can significantly promote the proliferation, survival and metastasis of breast cancer cells. Compared with other type I cytokine receptors, PRLR has tissue-specific lactation regulation function, and this biological function cannot be completely compensated by other homologous hormone receptors. The loss of PRLR function will hinder the process of breast tissue maturation and lactation, while the abnormal overexpression of receptor will promote the malignant progress of hormone-dependent tumors, making it the core target in the field of reproductive endocrinology and breast tumor research.
PRLR locates on the surface of cell membrane, mediates prolactin-dependent signal transduction process, specifically recognizes and binds prolactin through conservative extracellular ligand binding pocket, and then triggers receptor homodimerization activation. Its intracellular functional motif can specifically recruit JAK2 kinase, start the downstream STAT5 transcription regulation program, and form a unique lactation signal pathway different from other cytokine receptors. Hormone signal mediated by PRLR can relate the level of circulating prolactin to the regulation of mammary gland development and tumor proliferation and transcription, and dynamically balance the physiological lactation process and abnormal tumor proliferation signal. This receptor is widely involved in the development of mammary gland acinus, postpartum lactation maintenance and the progress of hormone-positive breast cancer. The expression or functional defect of PRLR will directly lead to the dysfunction of breast tissue.Therefore, PRL represents a pivotal research target for lactogenic receptor biology and anti-breast cancer compound screening.
Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of PRLR-mediated canonical JAK2-STAT5 transcriptional pathway and PI3K-dependent ion channel electrical signaling.1
The biological functions of PRLR are focused on prolactin ligand binding and JAK2/STAT5 signal transduction:
Creative Biolabs offers high-quality PRLR proteins through optimized expression systems, including full-length transmembrane receptor and isolated prolactin-binding extracellular domain variants. These products retain native prolactin binding and JAK2 recruitment biological activity, suitable for hormone-receptor interaction and anti-breast tumor screening assays. All PRLR proteins undergo strict quality control to ensure consistent performance and reliable application across diverse research platforms.
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Creative Biolabs provides custom-engineered PRLR stable cell lines, including overexpression and blank control models. These cell lines are optimized for lactogenic receptor profiling and JAK2/STAT5 signal functional analysis. Each cell line undergoes stringent validation to ensure stable expression profiles and consistent functional performance in diverse experimental contexts.
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High-specificity recombinant antibodies targeting PRLR are developed via advanced antibody engineering technologies, with no cross-reactivity with other class I cytokine receptors. These antibodies are validated for mammary and tumor membrane localization detection, and can be combined with STAT5 detection reagents to analyze complete PRLR signaling complexes in mammary cell models.
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Beyond catalog products, Creative Biolabs offers specialized custom services for PRLR research:
PRLR is a class I cytokine receptor that binds prolactin to trigger homodimerization and activate JAK2-STAT5 signaling for mammary development and lactation.
PRLR mediates core lactogenic hormone responses and drives proliferation of hormone-positive breast malignancies, serving a dual research target in reproductive biology and oncology.
No, all PRLR products and services are strictly for research use only, not intended for clinical diagnosis or treatment.
Offerings include full-length PRLR receptor proteins, isoform-specific detection antibodies and custom stable cell lines for mammary hormone research.
PRLR proteins are validated via prolactin ligand binding and STAT5 activation functional testing.