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PTCH1

Products

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All listed services and products are For Research Use Only. Do Not use in any diagnostic or therapeutic applications.

Background

PTCH1, also known as Patched 1 or PTC1, is a 1,447-amino acid integral membrane protein and a key component of the Hedgehog (Hh) signaling pathway. PTCH1 functions as the primary receptor for Hedgehog family ligands and regulates pathway activity by controlling Smoothened (SMO), contributing to developmental patterning and adult tissue homeostasis. PTCH1 also has sterol-related transport and regulatory functions that are closely linked to its control of Hedgehog signaling.

Pathogenic alterations in PTCH1 are associated with Gorlin syndrome and are also frequently observed in basal cell carcinoma and subsets of medulloblastoma, particularly those involving aberrant Sonic Hedgehog signaling. Dysregulated PTCH1/Hedgehog pathway activity has additionally been investigated in other disease models. Beyond its canonical signaling role, PTCH1 has also been studied in the context of membrane transport and cellular resistance mechanisms. These findings make PTCH1 relevant to research on Hedgehog signaling, sterol regulation, membrane transport, and disease-associated pathway dysregulation.

Fig.1 The transmembrane receptor PTCH1 inhibits the G-coupled protein Smoothened (SMO). (OA Literature)Fig.1 The canonical Hedgehog-GLI signaling.1

PTCH1 Receptor Function: A Sterol Transporter and Tumor Suppressor

PTCH1 is unique in that it integrates multiple physiological and pathological functions, largely due to its dual role as a morphogen receptor and a lipid transporter:

  • Embryonic Patterning and Tissue Homeostasis: PTCH1 acts in mediating SHH developmental roles to regulate cell fate specification during neural tube, limb bud and facial structures development. To forgo gradient interpretation however, activation thresholds of SMO must be tightly regulated by PTCH1 to specify ventral neural cell fates appropriately.
  • Cholesterol Transport and Membrane Organization: PTCH1 removes cell-surface cholesterol to generate a localized sterol-poor plasma membrane environment that correctly inhibits SMO activity. This transport mode is both topologically and mechanistically related to bacterial RND efflux pumps and eukaryotic NPC1-mediated lysosomal cholesterol export.
  • Non-Canonical Autophagy Regulation: PTCH1 interacts with ATG101 via the C-terminal domain to inhibit autophagic flux and autolysosomal acidification. The existence of this novel tumor-suppressive property supports our hypothesis that loss of PTCH1 gives a competitive advantage to cancer cells, allowing support by autophagy-dependent survival in the absence of nutrients.

PTCH1 Membrane Protein Product

The high molecular weight, twelve-transmembrane architecture, and large extracellular domains of PTCH1 present specific challenges for recombinant protein design and structural studies. Creative Biolabs provides PTCH1 membrane protein preparations and engineered research constructs designed to support structural biology, ligand-binding studies, antibody development and characterization, and related investigations of PTCH1 function. Construct design, expression format, membrane-associated preparation, and functional characterization can be selected according to the intended research application and available project data.

PTCH1 Protein Product

Not finding the membrane protein product you need? Contact us to start your one-stop custom service!

PTCH1 Stable Cell Line Product

For performing ligand-binding assays as well as antibody screening, reliable cellular models that traffic PTCH1 into the primary cilium while retaining functional Hedgehog pathway regulation are essential. Creative Biolabs constructs custom PTCH1 stable cell lines from optimized transduction and selection protocols that restore homogeneous, ciliate-localized, and sustained-near-physiologic receptor expression. We use a combination of lentiviral delivery, transposon-mediated integration and targeted knock-in methodologies within our proprietary cell engineering platform to have fine control over genetics. Individual lines are then subjected to single cell monoclonal selection for clonal purity, combined with extensive phenotypic validation documenting surface receptor density and functional responses to stimulation by the SHH ligand or canonical pathway inhibition.

PTCH1 Stable Cell Line Product

Not finding the stable cell line product you need? Contact us to start your one-stop custom service!

PTCH1 Recombinant Antibody Product

Sequence-defined recombinant antibodies can provide useful tools for studying PTCH1 expression, localization, and function in research models. Creative Biolabs provides recombinant antibody discovery and development programs targeting PTCH1 for research applications. Our antibody development workflow may include immunogen design, antibody selection, recombinant expression, and downstream characterization according to specific project requirements. Antibody specificity, affinity, epitope recognition, and suitability for particular applications should be determined based on antibody-specific characterization data. Recombinant production also provides renewable, sequence-defined reagents that support consistent research use.

PTCH1 Recombinant Antibody Product

Not finding the recombinant antibody product you need? Contact us to start your one-stop custom service!

Product Features

  • High Purity & Activity: High purity and verified integrity for dependable downstream work.
  • Diverse Expression Systems: Choice of expression formats to match routine or specialized projects.
  • Species Reactivity: Products available for human, mouse, pig, and other species.
  • Validated Applications: Application-tested to deliver consistent signals across common lab workflows.
  • Exceptional Lot-to-Lot Consistency: Tight lot-to-lot control for reproducible performance.
  • Customization Options: Flexible customization of tags, labels, or packaging upon request.

Custom PTCH1 Membrane Protein and Antibody Discovery Services

Beyond standard catalog products, Creative Biolabs provides specialized discovery services catering to all aspects of PTCH1 research. These sophisticated capabilities cater to the investigators looking for mechanistic understanding that require custom reagents, elaborate assay designs or multi-component integrated workflows:

  • Custom PTCH1 Receptor Production: Tailored expression, purification, and characterization of challenging multi-domain receptor constructs.
  • Custom Antibody Development: From antigen design to antibody engineering (monoclonal, polyclonal, recombinant) for specific research applications.
  • Stable Cell Line Development: Generation of bespoke stable cell lines expressing your target of interest.
  • Functional Assay Development: Designing and executing assays to assess receptor activation and ligand.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

  1. Do you have stable cell lines constitutively co-expressing PTCH1 and SMO for the continuous study of ligand-dependent derepression and ciliary trafficking?

    Yes, dual-stable lines have been created in which full length PTCH1 and SMO are expressed from separate loci. All batches are released with documentation of SHH-stimulated SMO ciliary accumulation and Gli-responsive reporter activation, to enable reproducible studies in the pathway without having to repeat transient transfection every time.

  2. Can I use your anti-PTCH1 antibodies for immunofluorescence staining of paraformaldehyde-fixed cells to distinguish ciliary versus periciliary membrane pools?

    Yes, certain clones tested have been confirmed on lightly fixed monolayers providing distinct staining at the primary cilium that co-localizes with acetylated alpha-tubulin. Validation consisted of peptide competition and recombinant antigen controls to confirm epitope specificity.

  3. Are PTCH1 variants associated with basal cell nevus syndrome or holoprosencephaly loss-of-function available for comparative SMO-regulation and ligand-binding studies?

    Yes, we produce recombinant proteins and stable cell lines expressing proven pathogenic variants in the sterol-sensing domain or transmembrane helices. Such materials allow for the direct comparison of SMO sequestration efficiency, ligand-binding affinity and ciliary retention to wild-type values.

  4. Does your recombinant PTCH1 come in a mild detergent formulation that is suitable for direct injection into lipid nanodiscs or synthetic mimetics of ciliary membrane components for structural biology?

    Yes, its protein is concentrated in a non-ionic detergent buffer and then buffer-exchanged into a lipid-compatible. It enables direct incorporation into synthetic membranes for either cryo-electron microscopy or sterol-transfer assays.

Reference
  1. Anichini, Giulia, et al. "The role of the hedgehog pathway in cholangiocarcinoma." Cancers 13.19 (2021): 4774. Under Open Access license CC BY 4.0, without modification. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers13194774
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