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RHOB

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All listed services and products are For Research Use Only. Do Not use in any diagnostic or therapeutic applications.

Background

The RHOB gene is located in the 2p24.1 region of human chromosome 2 and encodes the Rho-related GTP-binding protein RhoB, which belongs to the Rho family of small GTPases within the Ras superfamily. RhoB is a lipid-anchored peripheral membrane protein, with its C-terminal CAAX motif undergoing prenylation that directs its localization to the plasma membrane and endosomal membranes. Its molecular weight is approximately 22 kDa and it is widely expressed across human tissues. As a molecular switch, RhoB cycles between an inactive GDP-bound and an active GTP-bound state, regulating actin cytoskeleton dynamics, endosomal trafficking, and cytokinesis. RhoB is distinguished from the closely related RhoA and RhoC by its unique post-translational modification, as it can be both farnesylated and geranylgeranylated, with the farnesylated form localizing to the plasma membrane and the geranylgeranylated form localizing to late endosomes. RhoB functions as a stress-inducible tumor suppressor, required for apoptosis in transformed cells following DNA damage and downregulated in many cancer types, largely through epigenetic silencing rather than mutation. Its expression is upregulated by genotoxic agents, and it is a critical determinant of the antitumor effects of farnesyltransferase inhibitors. Germline deletion of RhoB in mice disrupts actin cytoskeleton organization and impairs DNA-damage-induced apoptosis, although it does not prevent transformation, indicating a context-dependent tumor-suppressive role. Therefore, RhoB is regarded as an important molecular target for studying small GTPase signaling, cytoskeletal regulation, and the molecular basis of tumor suppression. Its functional analysis provides valuable tools for understanding the molecular mechanisms of Rho family signaling and stress-induced apoptosis.

Fig.1 miR-19/21/223 epigenetically downregulate RHOB translation. (OA Literature)Fig. 1 Translation of RHOB is epigenetically downregulated by miRNA-19, -21, and -223.1

Function of RHOB Protein: A Key Small GTPase in The Regulation of Actin Cytoskeleton Dynamics

The functional spectrum of RHOB is extensive and is continuously expanding:

  • Actin cytoskeleton regulation: RhoB acts as a small GTPase that cycles between GDP-bound inactive and GTP-bound active states, regulating actin cytoskeleton dynamics, cell adhesion, and the formation of the contractile ring during cytokinesis.
  • Endosomal trafficking: RhoB localizes to late endosomes through geranylgeranylation and participates in intracellular protein trafficking, including the delivery of the epidermal growth factor receptor from late endosomes to lysosomes and the targeting of PKN1 to endosomes.
  • Stress-inducible tumor suppression: RhoB is upregulated by genotoxic stress and is required for apoptosis in transformed cells following DNA damage. Unlike the related RhoA and RhoC, RhoB functions as a tumor suppressor and is frequently downregulated in cancer through epigenetic silencing rather than mutation.
  • Study on the relationship between protein structure and function: RhoB contains a conserved GTPase domain and a C-terminal CAAX motif that undergoes farnesylation or geranylgeranylation. Structural and functional studies have shown that the distinct prenylation states determine RhoB localization and function, with the geranylgeranylated form mediating tumor-suppressive and pro-apoptotic activities.

RHOB Recombinant Protein Product

Creative Biolabs offers a series of high-quality recombinant RHOB protein products, suitable for structural and functional studies of RhoB GTPase signaling and membrane-associated cellular processes. RHOB is a small GTPase that associates with cellular membranes through C-terminal lipid modifications rather than an integral membrane protein. These characterized protein products can be used in ELISA, antibody screening and identification, binding experiments, GTPase-related assays, and functional research, providing reliable tools for analyzing RHOB interactions, nucleotide-dependent activity, and signaling mechanisms.

RHOB Protein Product

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RHOB Stable Cell Line Product

Constructing a robust cell model is crucial for the study of RHOB-mediated signaling. As a Rho family small GTPase that regulates actin cytoskeleton dynamics and apoptosis, the expression level and activation state of RHOB directly influence cytoskeletal organization and cellular responses to stress. Different genetic backgrounds, prenylation states, or changes in expression levels may lead to significant differences in RHOB localization and downstream signaling. Creative Biolabs offers customized RHOB membrane protein stable transfection cell models, covering wild-type and various modified forms. These models stably express the target protein on the plasma membrane and endosomes, and are suitable for studies on GTPase activity, actin cytoskeleton analysis, endosomal trafficking, and assessment of apoptotic responses, providing a reliable and reproducible platform for exploring the signaling mechanism, structure-function relationship, and regulatory network of RHOB. Our technology ensures correct membrane localization, facilitating your research.

RHOB Stable Cell Line Product

Not finding the stable cell line product you need? Contact us to start your one-stop custom service!

RHOB Recombinant Antibody Product

Creative Biolabs offers highly specific recombinant antibodies targeting RHOB, produced using advanced recombinant antibody technology. Compared to traditional antibodies, these recombinant antibodies demonstrate superior performance in terms of specificity, sensitivity, and batch-to-batch consistency. They can also be modified and labeled in various ways. Our RHOB recombinant antibodies support a wide range of applications, including Western Blot, ELISA, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, immunocytochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and immunoprecipitation, and can be used to detect differences in RHOB expression levels in various tissues or cell sources, analyze its plasma membrane and endosomal localization, and conduct related research such as protein-protein interaction and GTPase signaling pathway analysis. These antibodies provide reliable detection tools for the structural analysis, functional study of RHOB, and the analysis of its regulation in cytoskeletal and tumor-suppressive signaling networks.

RHOB Recombinant Antibody Product

Not finding the recombinant antibody product you need? Contact us to start your one-stop custom service!

Product Features

  • Multiple expression platforms: Recombinant proteins can be produced through a variety of systems, including virus-like particles and both prokaryotic and eukaryotic hosts, to accommodate diverse experimental requirements.
  • Broad application suitability: Products are suitable for use in ELISA, antibody screening, binding assays, GTPase activity studies, Western Blot, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and related techniques.
  • Consistent batch performance: Stringent quality control measures maintain reproducibility across production lots, supporting the reliability and comparability of experimental data.
  • Tailored customization capabilities: Customized services are available for specific isoforms, tag configurations, or expression formats tailored to individual research needs.

Custom RHOB Membrane Protein and Antibody Discovery Services

In addition to the standard products, Creative Biolabs also offers professional customized services for RHOB. RHOB exists in distinct farnesylated and geranylgeranylated forms with different subcellular localizations and functional properties. These prenylation variants present specific requirements in areas such as recombinant protein production, antigen design, and functional characterization. Leveraging our technology platform, we can assist you in completing the following customized projects:

  • Customized production of membrane proteins: Tailored expression (using multiple expression platforms), purification, and characterization of RHOB in various prenylated and tagged forms.
  • Customized antibody development: From antigen design to antibody engineering (monoclonal, polyclonal, recombinant antibodies), supporting detection of distinct RHOB forms or epitope-specific recognition.
  • Construction of stable cell model: Generate stable cell lines expressing specific RHOB variants or prenylation mutants, enabling comparative localization and functional studies.
  • Development of the functional detection system: Design and implementation of experimental workflows for GTPase activity assays, actin cytoskeleton analysis, endosomal trafficking studies, and assessment of functional consequences of RHOB expression.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

  1. What is the primary function of the RHOB protein?

    RHOB is a Rho family small GTPase that regulates actin cytoskeleton dynamics, endosomal trafficking, and cytokinesis. Unlike the related RhoA and RhoC, RHOB functions as a stress-inducible tumor suppressor required for apoptosis in transformed cells after DNA damage. It cycles between GDP-bound inactive and GTP-bound active states.

  2. What makes RHOB a significant research target?

    RHOB is distinguished by its unique dual prenylation, existing in both farnesylated and geranylgeranylated forms that localize to different membranes and exert opposing effects on tumor growth. It is a critical determinant of farnesyltransferase inhibitor activity and is frequently downregulated in cancer through epigenetic silencing, making it valuable for studying small GTPase signaling and tumor suppression.

  3. Are Creative Biolabs' RHOB products intended for clinical use?

    They are not. All RHOB products and services provided by Creative Biolabs are exclusively for research applications and may not be employed for any diagnostic, prophylactic, or therapeutic purpose in humans.

  4. What RHOB products are available from Creative Biolabs?

    Multiple product formats are available, encompassing recombinant RHOB membrane proteins, stable cell models expressing RHOB, high-quality recombinant anti-RHOB antibodies, as well as comprehensive customized research services.

Reference
  1. Bailey, Cedric AR. "Regulation of RhoB gene expression during tumorigenesis and aging process and Its potential applications in these processes." (2019). Under Open Access license CC BY 4.0, without modification. https://doi.org/10.3390/cancers11060818
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