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Tumor necrosis factor superfamily member 15 (TL1A) is a membrane-bound and secretory TNF superfamily ligand encoded by TNFSF15 gene, which is mainly expressed in intestinal endothelial cells, lamina propria macrophages and dendritic cells in gastrointestinal mucosa. Compared with other TNF family cytokines, TNFSF15 can specifically bind to DR3 death receptors on the surface of innate and adaptive immune lymphocytes, accurately regulate the differentiation of Th1/Th17 inflammatory cells in intestinal mucosa, and maintain the dynamic balance of intestinal immune tolerance. Under the intestinal physiological homeostasis, the basic low level of TNFSF15 expression can maintain a mild mucosal immune monitoring state, avoid excessive infiltration of inflammatory cells and ensure the stability of intestinal mucosal barrier. When intestinal flora imbalance or mucosal epithelial injury occurs, the expression of TNFSF15 is significantly up-regulated, which promotes the release of pro-inflammatory cytokines and induces persistent chronic intestinal inflammatory injury. At the same time, the continuously activated TNFSF15 signal in the tumor microenvironment of colorectal cancer can shape the immunosuppressive matrix microenvironment and help the malignant proliferation of tumor. Other TNF ligands can't compensate the unique intestinal biased immune regulation function of TNFSF15. Abnormal high expression of TNFSF15 will aggravate the progress of inflammatory bowel disease, and targeted neutralization of TNFSF15 can effectively reshape the anti-tumor immune response of colorectal cancer, which is the core target of intestinal inflammatory mechanism and targeted drug screening for digestive system tumors.
TNFSF15 has dual functions of membrane anchoring and soluble secretion of cytokines, which can be attached to the lipid bilayer of mucosal cell membrane and released into intestinal interstitial tissue, and form a homotrimer by relying on the conserved trimerization domain of TNF, specifically recognizing and activating the downstream DR3 receptor signal. Its strict restrictive expression characteristics in intestinal tissue form significant functional differentiation with TNF homologous molecules with systemic action, giving it exclusive gastrointestinal immune regulation function. The ligand-receptor interaction signal mediated by TNFSF15 can closely couple the stimulation of intestinal flora disorder with mucosal inflammatory response, and dynamically balance the level of mucosal immune tolerance and anti-tumor immune monitoring according to the state of intestinal lesions. This molecule is widely involved in the physiological and pathological processes such as the maintenance of intestinal mucosal homeostasis, the pathogenesis of chronic enteritis and the malignant progress of colorectal cancer. Blocking TNFSF15 signaling pathway can effectively alleviate mucosal inflammatory infiltration and relieve the immunosuppression of tumor microenvironment. To sum up, TNFSF15 is the key target for the study of intestinal cytokine mechanism and the exploration of targeted therapy for inflammatory bowel disease and digestive system tumors.
Fig. 1 Schematic diagram of TNFSF15-mediated differentiation pathway of bone marrow CD11b⁺ myeloid cells into tumor vascular pericytes via Wnt3a-Flt1 and CD49e-FN signaling.1
The biological functions of TNFSF15 are fully focused on DR3 homotrimer binding and gut inflammatory regulation:
Creative Biolabs offers high-quality TNFSF15 proteins through optimized eukaryotic expression systems, including full-length membrane-bound precursor and soluble secreted ligand variants. These products retain native DR3 receptor homotrimer binding biological activity, suitable for mucosal immune and colorectal tumor functional screening assays. All TNFSF15 proteins undergo strict quality control to ensure consistent performance and reliable application across diverse gastrointestinal research platforms.
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Creative Biolabs provides custom-engineered TNFSF15 stable cell lines, including overexpression and blank empty vector control models. These cell lines are optimized for gut cytokine profiling and mucosal inflammatory signal functional analysis. Each cell line undergoes stringent validation to ensure stable expression profiles during long-term continuous cell culture, and can be used for IBD targeted inhibitor screening pipelines.
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High-specificity recombinant antibodies targeting TNFSF15 are developed via advanced antibody engineering technologies, with no cross-reactivity with other TNF superfamily cytokines. These antibodies are validated for intestinal stromal cell membrane and secreted ligand detection and colon tissue expression profiling, and can be combined with DR3 receptor reagents to analyze complete TNFSF15 immune signaling complexes in gut cell models.
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Beyond catalog products, Creative Biolabs offers specialized custom services for TNFSF15 research:
A1: TNFSF15 (TL1A) is an intestinal TNF ligand that forms homotrimers to bind DR3 and drive gut mucosal pro-inflammatory immune responses.
A2: TNFSF15 is a master regulator of gut inflammation and colorectal tumor immune escape, key target for enteritis and digestive cancer therapy.
A3: No, all TNFSF15 products and services are strictly for research use only, not intended for clinical diagnosis or human therapeutic trials.
A4: Offerings include full-length membrane and soluble TNFSF15 ligands, isoform-specific detection antibodies and custom stable cell lines for gut immune research.
A5: TNFSF15 proteins are validated via DR3 receptor homotrimer binding immune functional testing.