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CD37

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All listed services and products are For Research Use Only. Do Not use in any diagnostic or therapeutic applications.

Background

CD37, also known as TSPAN26 or leukocyte antigen CD37, is a member of the tetraspanin superfamily—a group of transmembrane proteins characterized by four membrane-spanning segments, with both the N- and C-termini located on the intracellular side of the membrane. The CD37 molecule is a heavily glycosylated 40–52 kDa protein that spans the plasma membrane four times, forming two extracellular loops (one small and one large) and short cytoplasmic tails. Its extracellular domain contains six conserved cysteine residues that form intramolecular disulfide bonds contributing to the conformational stability of the tetraspanin. CD37 is predominantly expressed on B lymphocytes, with particularly high expression on mature B cells, and is also found on antigen-presenting cells and at low levels on T cells, granulocytes, and monocytes. Notably, CD37 is not found in non-hematologic tissues. Within B cells, CD37 localizes to tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TERMs) in the plasma membrane, where it acts as a structural component that organizes receptor clustering and signaling platforms.

As a tetraspanin, CD37 functions not merely as a passive membrane scaffold but as an active participant in cellular signaling. Upon ligation, CD37 becomes tyrosine phosphorylated, associates with proximal signaling molecules, and initiates downstream signaling cascades. CD37 contains two tyrosine residues with opposing regulatory functions: an N-terminal ITIM-like motif that mediates SHP1-dependent pro-apoptotic signals, and a C-terminal ITAM-like motif that counteracts death signals through phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase-dependent survival pathways. This dual signaling capacity positions CD37 as a direct mediator of both survival and apoptotic signals in B cells, challenging the traditional view that tetraspanins function only as "molecular facilitators" of signal transduction. CD37 participates in diverse biological processes including cell signal transduction, adhesion, migration, and protein trafficking. Through its presence in membrane microdomains, CD37 modulates the function of the B cell receptor (BCR)—CRISPR-based knockout of CD37 in B cell lines heightens BCR signaling, slows BCR endocytosis, and tempers the formation of peptide–MHC class II complexes, indicating that CD37 plays a critical role in tuning BCR-mediated immune responses. CD37 is also essential for clustering and mobility of the integrin ITGA4/ITGB1 in the plasma membrane of B cells, thereby participating in integrin-mediated anti-apoptotic signaling through AKT. Additionally, CD37 has been reported to play a role in the migration of dendritic cells and neutrophils to draining lymph nodes and in their integrin-mediated adhesion. Recent studies have identified CD37 as a prognostic marker for aggressive B-cell lymphoma. CD37 interacts with the fatty acid transporter FATP1 to inhibit palmitate uptake; deletion of CD37 leads to increased fatty acid metabolism that promotes tumorigenesis in B-cell lymphoma. These findings have positioned CD37 as an important research target for studies of tetraspanin biology, B cell signaling, integrin-mediated adhesion, and lymphocyte migration.

Fig. 1 CD37 Features. (OA Literature)Fig. 1 CD37 function in B cell.1

CD37 Protein Function: Roles in B Cell Signaling, Integrin Clustering, and Immune Cell Migration

CD37, a tetraspanin membrane protein encoded by the CD37 gene, functions as an organizer of membrane microdomains and a modulator of immune cell signaling:

  • Tetraspanin-Enriched Microdomain Organization: CD37 serves as a structural component of specialized membrane microdomains known as tetraspanin-enriched microdomains (TERMs), which act as platforms for receptor clustering and signal transduction.
  • B Cell Receptor Modulation: CD37 is a molecular neighbor of the B cell receptor (BCR) and modulates BCR function. CD37 knockout heightens BCR signaling and slows BCR endocytosis, indicating its role in tuning BCR-mediated immune responses.
  • Integrin Clustering and Adhesion: CD37 plays an essential role in clustering the integrin ITGA4/ITGB1 and promotes its mobility in the plasma membrane of B cells, participating in integrin-mediated anti-apoptotic signaling through AKT.
  • Dual Pro-Survival and Pro-Apoptotic Signaling: Upon ligation, CD37 becomes tyrosine phosphorylated and initiates downstream signaling. It contains two tyrosine residues with opposing functions—an N-terminal ITIM-like motif mediating SHP1-dependent death signals and a C-terminal ITAM-like motif mediating PI3K-dependent survival signals.
  • Immune Cell Migration: CD37 plays a role in the migration of dendritic cells and neutrophils to draining lymph nodes, as well as in their integrin-mediated adhesion.
  • Metabolic Regulation: CD37 functions as a membrane-localized inhibitor of fatty acid metabolism through interaction with the fatty acid transporter FATP1, with implications for studies of metabolic reprogramming in B-cell malignancies.

CD37 Membrane Protein Product

Creative Biolabs offers high-quality CD37 membrane protein products produced using optimized expression systems. These include full-length tetraspanin protein that retains the native four-transmembrane architecture and extracellular loop conformations, as well as isolated extracellular domain (large extracellular loop) variants. The extracellular domain mediates protein-protein interactions and tetraspanin network assembly, making these proteins suitable for studies of tetraspanin membrane organization, protein complex formation, and receptor signaling in B cells and other immune cell types. All CD37 proteins undergo strict quality control to support consistent performance across applicable research platforms.

Custom CD37 Protein Product

Not finding the protein product you need? Contact us to start your one-stop custom service!

CD37 Stable Cell Line Product

Creative Biolabs provides custom-engineered CD37 stable cell lines, including overexpression and knockout/knockdown models. These cell lines are optimized for studies of tetraspanin signaling, BCR modulation, integrin-mediated adhesion, and tetraspanin-enriched microdomain organization. Each cell line undergoes stringent validation to ensure stable expression profiles and consistent functional performance in diverse experimental contexts.

CD37 Stable Cell Line Product

Not finding the stable cell line product you need? Contact us to start your one-stop custom service!

CD37 Recombinant Antibody Product

High-specificity recombinant antibodies targeting CD37 are developed using antibody engineering technologies for research applications involving CD37 expression, localization, and protein-protein interaction studies. These antibodies can be used in studies of CD37 distribution in B cells and other immune cell populations, and may also support characterization of CD37-containing tetraspanin complexes and membrane microdomain organization.

CD37 Recombinant Antibody Product

Not finding the recombinant antibody product you need? Contact us to start your one-stop custom service!

Product Features

  • Native Tetraspanin Structure Preservation: Maintains the characteristic four-transmembrane architecture and extracellular loop conformation essential for tetraspanin network studies.
  • B Cell Signaling Research Compatibility: Optimized reagent series for studies of BCR signaling modulation, integrin clustering, and tetraspanin-enriched microdomain organization.
  • High Specificity for CD37: Minimizes non-specific cross-reactivity with other tetraspanin family members including CD9, CD53, CD63, CD81, and CD82.
  • Comprehensive Customization Support: Facilitates end-to-end development of customized proteins, antibodies and stable cell lines to address tetraspanin biology and immune cell signaling research demands.

Custom CD37 Research Services

Beyond catalog products, Creative Biolabs offers specialized custom services for CD37 research:

  • Custom CD37 Protein Production: Tailored expression of mutant and tagged CD37 constructs for tetraspanin interaction and membrane organization studies.
  • Custom Antibody Development: Generation of CD37-specific antibodies for immunostaining, flow cytometry, and protein detection applications.
  • Stable Cell Line Engineering: Construction of CD37-modified cell models for BCR signaling, integrin adhesion, and lymphocyte migration research.
  • Functional Assay Development: Custom design of tetraspanin complex formation, receptor clustering, and cell adhesion detection workflows.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)

  1. What is the primary function of CD37?

    CD37 is a tetraspanin membrane protein that organizes tetraspanin-enriched microdomains, modulates B cell receptor signaling, promotes integrin clustering and adhesion, and participates in lymphocyte migration and survival/apoptotic signaling.

  2. Why is CD37 a significant research target?

    CD37 is a B-cell-enriched tetraspanin that plays critical roles in BCR signaling modulation, integrin-mediated adhesion, and immune cell migration. Its expression pattern and involvement in B cell biology make it an important target for studies of tetraspanin function and immune cell signaling.

  3. Are Creative Biolabs' CD37 products suitable for clinical use?

    No, all CD37 products and services are strictly for research use only, not intended for clinical diagnosis or treatment.

  4. What types of CD37 products does Creative Biolabs offer?

    Offerings include full-length CD37 tetraspanin proteins, isoform-specific detection antibodies, and custom stable cell lines for tetraspanin biology and B cell signaling research.

  5. How are CD37 proteins validated for activity?

    CD37 proteins are validated via protein-protein interaction assays, membrane microdomain assembly testing, and relevant functional characterization in applicable research platforms.

Reference
  1. Bobrowicz, Malgorzata, et al. "CD37 in B Cell Derived Tumors-More than Just a Docking Point for Monoclonal Antibodies." International Journal of Molecular Sciences 21.24 (2020): 9531. Under Open Access license CC BY 4.0, without modification. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms21249531
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