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IL9

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All listed services and products are For Research Use Only. Do Not use in any diagnostic or therapeutic applications.

Background

The IL9 gene is located in the 5q31 region of human chromosome 5 and encodes interleukin 9 (IL-9), which belongs to the common cytokine receptor gamma-chain-dependent cytokine family. IL-9 is a secreted glycoprotein, synthesized as a precursor with a signal peptide and processed into a mature protein that adopts a four-α-helix bundle fold. Its molecular weight is approximately 14 kDa for the core protein, with extensive N-linked glycosylation increasing its apparent size to 20-30 kDa. IL-9 is produced primarily by CD4+ T cells, particularly Th9 cells, as well as Th2 cells, mast cells, eosinophils, and type 2 innate lymphoid cells. As a pleiotropic cytokine, IL-9 signals through a heterodimeric receptor composed of the IL-9 receptor alpha chain and the common gamma chain, activating JAK1/JAK3 and downstream STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5 signaling pathways. IL-9 acts as a growth factor for T cells, mast cells, and erythroid progenitors, and it enhances IgE production, mast cell proliferation, eosinophil development, and mucus production in allergic inflammation. The differentiation of Th9 cells is driven by IL-4 and TGF-β and requires the transcription factors IRF4 and PU.1. IL-9 is implicated in allergic diseases such as asthma, atopic dermatitis, and food allergy, as well as in certain lymphoid malignancies. Notably, IL-9-deficient mice are healthy with a largely normal immunophenotype, indicating that IL-9 is largely dispensable under basal conditions but functions as an amplifier in specific inflammatory contexts. Therefore, IL-9 is regarded as an important molecular target for studying Th9 cell biology, allergic inflammation, and cytokine signaling. Its functional analysis provides valuable tools for understanding the molecular basis of type 2 immune responses and allergic disease pathogenesis.

Fig.1 IL-9 effector functions in immunity. (OA Literature)Fig. 1 IL-9 production and cellular sources.1

Function of IL9 Protein: A Key Th9-Derived Cytokine in The Regulation of Allergic Inflammatory Responses

The functional spectrum of IL9 is extensive and is continuously expanding:

  • Growth factor activity on immune and hematopoietic cells: IL-9 acts as a pleiotropic cytokine that promotes the proliferation and survival of T cells, mast cells, and erythroid progenitors, and it enhances IgE production by B cells, eosinophil development, and mast cell protease expression.
  • Mediation of allergic inflammation: IL-9 promotes mast cell accumulation, mucus hypersecretion, and airway hyperresponsiveness, contributing to the pathogenesis of allergic diseases including asthma, atopic dermatitis, and food allergy. IL-9 also supports type 2 innate lymphoid cell survival, reinforcing allergic inflammatory circuits.
  • Signaling through the IL-9 receptor: IL-9 binds a heterodimeric receptor composed of the IL-9 receptor alpha chain and the common gamma chain, activating JAK1/JAK3 and downstream STAT1, STAT3, and STAT5 pathways that mediate its diverse biological effects.
  • Study on the relationship between protein structure and function: IL-9 adopts a four-α-helix bundle structure typical of helical cytokines, with a conserved arrangement that mediates binding to the IL-9 receptor alpha chain. Structural and mutational studies of the IL-9 and IL-9 receptor interaction have identified key residues governing receptor recognition and signaling specificity.

IL9 Recombinant Protein Product

Creative Biolabs offers a series of high-quality IL9 recombinant protein products, suitable for structural and functional research. Relying on the independently developed MemDX™ recombinant protein technology platform, IL9 proteins can be prepared through various expression systems, including in vitro prokaryotic and eukaryotic expression systems. These rigorously validated protein products, such as recombinant human IL9 protein from various expression systems, can be used in ELISA, antibody screening and identification, receptor binding experiments, and functional research, providing reliable tools for researchers to analyze the signaling mechanisms and biological functions of IL9.

IL9 Protein Product

Not finding the membrane protein product you need? Contact us to start your one-stop custom service!

IL9 Stable Cell Line Product

Constructing a robust cell model is crucial for the study of IL9-mediated inflammatory signaling. As a pleiotropic cytokine that regulates allergic inflammation and immune cell function, the expression and secretion of IL9 directly influence downstream signaling output and cellular responses. Different genetic backgrounds, regulatory factors, or changes in expression levels may lead to significant differences in IL9 secretion and biological activity. Creative Biolabs offers customized IL9 stable transfection cell models, covering wild-type and various modified forms. These models stably express and secrete the target protein, and are suitable for studies on cytokine signaling, STAT pathway activation, receptor binding assessment, and functional evaluation of IL9 in immune and inflammatory responses, providing a reliable and reproducible platform for exploring the signaling mechanism, structure-function relationship, and regulatory network of IL9. Our technology ensures correct protein expression and secretion, facilitating your research.

IL9 Stable Cell Line Product

Not finding the stable cell line product you need? Contact us to start your one-stop custom service!

IL9 Recombinant Antibody Product

Creative Biolabs offers highly specific recombinant antibodies targeting IL9, produced using advanced recombinant antibody technology. Compared to traditional antibodies, these recombinant antibodies demonstrate superior performance in terms of specificity, sensitivity, and batch-to-batch consistency. They can also be modified and labeled in various ways. Our IL9 recombinant antibodies support a wide range of applications, including Western Blot, ELISA, flow cytometry, immunofluorescence, immunocytochemistry, immunohistochemistry, and immunoprecipitation, and can be used to detect differences in IL9 expression levels in various immune cell subsets or tissue sources, analyze its secretion profile, and conduct related research such as receptor-ligand interaction and cytokine signaling pathway analysis. These antibodies provide reliable detection tools for the structural analysis, functional study of IL9, and the analysis of its regulation in allergic and inflammatory signaling networks.

IL9 Recombinant Antibody Product

Not finding the recombinant antibody product you need? Contact us to start your one-stop custom service!

Product Features

  • Multiple expression platforms: Recombinant proteins can be produced through a variety of systems, including both prokaryotic and eukaryotic hosts, to accommodate diverse experimental requirements.
  • Broad application suitability: Products are suitable for use in ELISA, antibody screening, receptor binding assays, cytokine signaling studies, Western Blot, immunofluorescence, immunohistochemistry, and related techniques.
  • Consistent batch performance: Stringent quality control measures maintain reproducibility across production lots, supporting the reliability and comparability of experimental data.
  • Tailored customization capabilities: Customized services are available for specific isoforms, tag configurations, or expression formats tailored to individual research needs.

Custom IL9 Recombinant Protein and Antibody Discovery Services

In addition to the standard products, Creative Biolabs also offers professional customized services for IL9. IL9 is a secreted cytokine subject to extensive glycosylation and produced by multiple immune cell types with distinct regulatory mechanisms. These features present specific requirements in areas such as recombinant protein production, antigen design, and functional characterization. Leveraging our technology platform, we can assist you in completing the following customized projects:

  • Customized production of recombinant proteins: Tailored expression (using multiple expression platforms), purification, and characterization of IL9 in various glycosylated and tagged forms.
  • Customized antibody development: From antigen design to antibody engineering (monoclonal, polyclonal, recombinant antibodies), supporting detection of distinct IL9 forms or epitope-specific recognition.
  • Construction of stable cell model: Generate stable cell lines expressing specific IL9 variants or modified forms, enabling comparative signaling and functional studies.
  • Development of the functional detection system: Design and implementation of experimental workflows for receptor binding assays, STAT signaling analysis, cell proliferation studies, and assessment of functional consequences of IL9 activity.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

  1. What is the primary function of the IL9 protein?

    IL-9 is a pleiotropic cytokine produced primarily by Th9 cells that promotes the proliferation and survival of T cells, mast cells, and erythroid progenitors, enhances IgE production, and drives allergic inflammation. It signals through the IL-9 receptor alpha chain and the common gamma chain to activate JAK1/JAK3 and downstream STAT pathways.

  2. What makes IL9 a significant research target?

    IL-9 is a key mediator of allergic inflammation and Th9 cell biology, implicated in asthma, atopic dermatitis, and food allergy, and it is dysregulated in certain lymphoid malignancies. Despite its largely dispensable role under basal conditions, IL-9 functions as an important amplifier in specific inflammatory contexts, making it valuable for studying cytokine signaling and type 2 immunity.

  3. Are Creative Biolabs' IL9 products intended for clinical use?

    They are not. All IL9 products and services provided by Creative Biolabs are exclusively for research applications and may not be employed for any diagnostic, prophylactic, or therapeutic purpose in humans.

  4. What IL9 products are available from Creative Biolabs?

    Multiple product formats are available, encompassing recombinant IL9 proteins, stable cell models expressing IL9, high-quality recombinant anti-IL9 antibodies, as well as comprehensive customized research services.

Reference
  1. Dumitru, Mihai, Ovidiu Berghi, and Gabriela Musat. "Th9 and IL9 in Chronic Superior Airway Inflammation: A Narrative Review." Biomedicines 14 (2026): 1026. Under Open Access license CC BY 4.0, without modification. https://doi.org/10.3390/biomedicines14051026
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