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PRRT2

Products

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All listed services and products are For Research Use Only. Do Not use in any diagnostic or therapeutic applications.

Background

Proline-rich transmembrane protein 2 (PRRT2) is a membrane-associated neuronal protein with a long proline-rich N-terminal region and a C-terminal membrane-associated domain. PRRT2 is enriched at presynaptic terminals, where it participates in the regulation of synaptic vesicle release and interacts with components of the neurotransmitter release machinery, including SNARE proteins and synaptotagmins. These interactions contribute to the control of vesicle priming and Ca2+-dependent neurotransmitter release. PRRT2 is highly expressed in the central nervous system and is associated with neuronal circuits involved in motor control and synaptic transmission. Pathogenic PRRT2 variants are associated with paroxysmal neurological disorders, particularly paroxysmal kinesigenic dyskinesia and infantile seizure-related phenotypes, making PRRT2 an important target for research into presynaptic function and neuronal excitability.

Fig.1 Mutant PRRT2 affects the glutamate signaling pathway. (OA Literature)Fig.1 Schematic representation of mutant PRRT2 affecting the glutamate signaling pathway.1

PRRT2 Protein Function: A Molecular Brake on Synaptic Exocytosis

The functional repertoire of PRRT2 spans multiple domains of synaptic physiology and neuropathology:

  • SNARE Complex Regulation: PRRT2 modulates the numbers of docked and primed vesicles that are available for release by interfering with trans-SNARE assembly. Loss of this brake results in vesicle overaccumulation at the plasma membrane and increased replenishment rate to the readily releasable pool.
  • Calcium Sensitivity of Exocytosis: Directly through syaptoplexin-1/2 interaction, that is the manner how it might regulate fusion response to elevation in cytosolic Ca2+. This coupling makes neurotransmitter release strictly dependent on presynaptic calcium influx rather than spontaneous.
  • Network Stability and Excitation-Inhibition Balance: A PRRT2 knockout mouse displays increased spontaneous (A) and evoked network activity mainly because of excitatory neuron hyperexcitability. This hyperexcitability leads to basal ganglia dysfunction and cortical circuit degeneration, which clinically presents as paroxysmal dyskinesia and seizures.

PRRT2 Membrane Protein Product

PRRT2 contains a largely disordered N-terminal region together with a C-terminal membrane-associated domain, making recombinant protein production and structural characterization technically challenging. Creative Biolabs provides full-length and engineered PRRT2 membrane protein constructs designed to support structural studies, protein-interaction research, antibody development and characterization, and investigations of PRRT2 membrane-associated function. Construct design, expression format, membrane-mimetic preparation, and functional characterization can be selected according to specific research requirements and available project data.

PRRT2 Protein Product

Not finding the membrane protein product you need? Contact us to start your one-stop custom service!

PRRT2 Stable Cell Line Product

Robust cellular models able to express functional PRRT2 at the presynaptic membrane, while retaining SNARE-regulatory activity are critical for studies on neurotransmitter release assays/inhibitor screening and also disease-mechanism analyses. The engineered stable cell lines of Creative Biolabs, where they have established an optimized transduction and selection protocol to derive highly homogeneous stably expressing protein with minimal gene copy variation ensure sustainable protein expression levels over time. Lentiviral delivery, transposon-mediated integration and targeted knock-in methodologies provide precise genetic control of our cell engineering platform. After rigorous monoclonal selection for clonal purity, each line is extensively phenotypically validated to not only show surface and synaptic localization but also functional modulation of SNARE assembly and neurotransmitter release.

PRRT2 Stable Cell Line Product

Not finding the stable cell line product you need? Contact us to start your one-stop custom service!

PRRT2 Recombinant Antibody Product

Sequence-defined antibodies can provide useful tools for studying PRRT2 expression, localization, and protein interactions in experimental model systems. Creative Biolabs provides recombinant antibody discovery and development services targeting PRRT2 for research applications. Antibody design and selection strategies can be tailored to relevant PRRT2 regions according to project requirements, with downstream characterization supporting applications such as ELISA, immunodetection, and other research assays. Specific epitope recognition, affinity, selectivity against related PRRT family proteins, and application suitability should be determined from antibody-specific characterization data. All antibodies and related services are intended for research use only.

PRRT2 Recombinant Antibody Product

Not finding the recombinant antibody product you need? Contact us to start your one-stop custom service!

Product Features

  • High Purity & Activity: High purity and verified integrity for dependable downstream work.
  • Diverse Expression Systems: Choice of expression formats to match routine or specialized projects.
  • Species Reactivity: Products available for human, mouse, pig, and other species.
  • Validated Applications: Application-tested to deliver consistent signals across common lab workflows.
  • Superior Batch-to-Batch Consistency: Stringent quality controls to ensure low variability from batch to batch.
  • Customization Options: Tags/Labels/package Modifications available upon request.

Custom PRRT2 Membrane Protein and Antibody Discovery Services

Creative Biolabs provides advanced discovery services that go beyond standard catalogue offerings to address the entire PRRT2 research needs:

  • Production & Validation: Cloning of the synthesized optimized gene into an expression vector, plus small-scale expression trials to help determine the best expression conditions.
  • Custom Antibody Production: Produced via large-scale expression in mammalian/insect/cell culture or bacterial expression systems, purified in detergent or reconstituted into nanodiscs.
  • Engineered Cell Lines: Creation of stable cell lines that physiologically mimic endogenous PRRT2 expression and activity.
  • Functional Assessment Systems: Designing and executing assays to assess protein function and ligand binding.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

  1. Are your PRRT2 reagents approved for paroxysmal movement disorders, benign familial infantile convulsions or migraine-related mutation screening?

    No, they are for research use only and not intended diagnostic or therapeutic purposes.

  2. Do you provide antibodies for PRRT2 that are specific to the presynaptic active zone or to bound within a SNARE complex as opposed to diffuse cytoplasmic pools?

    Yes we do offer conformation selective antibodies that recognize an epitope contained within the proline-rich domain now exposed by SNAP25 binding. These reagents allow for the direct visualization of synaptically-localized PRRT2 in fixed neuronal cultures or tissue sections, separating active-zone populations from unassembled cytoplasmic species.

  3. Do you provide stable cell lines to co-express PRRT2 with SNAP25 and synaptotagmin-1 for long-term modelling of calcium-dependent synaptic vesicle exocytosis?

    We did (and have derived multi-stable lines that stably express PRRT2 together with SNAP25 and synaptotagmin-1 from independent loci in a constitutive manner). For each batch, this comes with data on depolarization-evoked exocytosis kinetics that helps you perform all your mechanistic studies without repeated transient transfection between experiments.

  4. Are your PRRT2 antibodies cross-reactive with mouse and rat orthologs that are used in seizure, movement disorder, and synaptic physiology model systems?

    Yes, our immunogen is to a region that (to the best of my knowledge) has been very well conserved in mammalian species so you should be able to use any mouse/rat neuronal preparation without having multiple reagents for the same application.

Reference
  1. Li, Ming, et al. "PRRT2 mutant leads to dysfunction of glutamate signaling." International journal of molecular sciences 16.5 (2015): 9134-9151. Under Open Access license CC BY 4.0, without modification. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijms16059134
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