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TSPO

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All listed services and products are For Research Use Only. Do Not use in any diagnostic or therapeutic applications.

Background

Translocator protein (TSPO), also known as peripheral benzodiazepine receptor (PBR), is an 18 kDa polytopic membrane protein located on the outer mitochondria membrane (OMM). This membrane protein can be found in most human tissues, especially abundantly expresses in the steroid-synthesising cells. TSPO is considered to be part of the mitochondrial permeability transition core complex, mainly located at inner-outer membrane contact sites. After being identified as a benzodiazepine target, the interest in TSPO as a pharmacological target has steadily increased. In mammals, it is believed that the major function of TSPO is to transfer cholesterol from OMM to the inner mitochondria membrane (IMM) with the cooperation of one or several other proteins. TSPO has been associated with a number of diseases, including various neurological disorders ( such as Alzheimer’s, Huntington’s, and Parkinson’s disease), anxiety disorders (such as generalised anxiety and posttraumatic stress disorder), and cancers (such as glioblastoma). Therefore, TSPO is considered as a promising pharmacological target, and its ligands also have been extensively studied as potential therapeutic or diagnostic tools.

The identification of affinity maturated single domain antibodies against HER2.Fig.1 TSPO localization and associated proteins.1

TSPO Protein Function: A Hub of Cellular Regulation

The functional repertoire of TSPO is extensive and continues to grow:

  • Neurosteroidogenesis and Neuromodulation: By controlling cholesterol import, TSPO influences the synthesis of neurosteroids that modulate synaptic plasticity, mood, and cognitive functions.
  • Immune Cell Regulation: TSPO plays a crucial role in modulating the inflammatory response of immune cells like macrophages and microglia.
  • Mitochondrial Homeostasis: Research suggests TSPO is involved in regulating mitochondrial membrane potential, calcium homeostasis, and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby influencing cell survival and death pathways. As referenced by Batoko et al. (2015), its role in mitochondrial quality control is a subject of intense investigation.

TSPO Membrane Protein Product

Company A offers an advanced selection of high-quality TSPO membrane protein products, essential for structural and functional studies. Our proprietary Magic™ Recombinant Membrane Protein technology enables the production of TSPO in various expression systems, including Virus-Like Particles (VLPs) and in vitro E. coli expression systems. These meticulously validated proteins, such as Magic™ Recombinant Mouse TSPO Membrane Protein in Virus-Like Particles (MP-VLPs) and human/mouse/pig TSPO expressed in HEK293 or E. coli systems, are designed for applications such as ELISA, antibody production and characterization, binding assays, and functional studies. They provide researchers with reliable tools for dissecting TSPO interactions and activity.

TSPO Membrane Protein Product

Not finding the membrane protein product you need? Contact us to start your one-stop custom service!

TSPO Stable Cell Line Product

Developing robust cellular models is critical for TSPO research. Company A provides custom-engineered TSPO membrane protein stable cell lines that reliably express high levels of target TSPO. These stable cell lines are ideal for drug screening, ligand binding studies, functional assays, and high-throughput screening, offering a consistent and reproducible platform for investigating TSPO biology and pharmacology. Our expertise ensures optimal expression and cellular integrity, accelerating your research pipeline.

TSPO Stable Cell Line Product

Not finding the stable cell line product you need? Contact us to start your one-stop custom service!

TSPO Recombinant Antibody Product

Our comprehensive portfolio includes high-affinity recombinant antibodies targeting TSPO, developed to meet the rigorous demands of various research applications. These antibodies, produced using advanced recombinant technologies, offer superior specificity, sensitivity, and batch-to-batch consistency compared to traditional polyclonal antibodies. Our TSPO recombinant antibodies are validated for use in Western Blotting (WB), ELISA, Flow Cytometry (FCM), Immunofluorescence (IF), Immunocytochemistry (ICC), Immunohistochemistry (IHC), and Immunoprecipitation (IP), empowering accurate detection and quantification of TSPO in diverse sample types.

TSPO Recombinant Antibody Product

Not finding the recombinant antibody product you need? Contact us to start your one-stop custom service!

Product Features

  • Neurosteroidogenesis and Neuromodulation: By controlling cholesterol import, TSPO influences the synthesis of neurosteroids that modulate synaptic plasticity, mood, and cognitive functions.
  • Immune Cell Regulation: TSPO plays a crucial role in modulating the inflammatory response of immune cells like macrophages and microglia.
  • Mitochondrial Homeostasis: Research suggests TSPO is involved in regulating mitochondrial membrane potential, calcium homeostasis, and the production of reactive oxygen species (ROS), thereby influencing cell survival and death pathways. As referenced by Batoko et al. (2015), its role in mitochondrial quality control is a subject of intense investigation.

Custom TSPO Membrane Protein and Antibody Discovery Services

Beyond our catalog products, Company A offers specialized custom services for membrane protein and antibody discovery & development. Leveraging our extensive expertise and state-of-the-art platforms, we can assist you with:

  • Custom Membrane Protein Production: Tailored expression, purification, and characterization of challenging membrane proteins.
  • Custom Antibody Development: From antigen design to antibody engineering (monoclonal, polyclonal, recombinant) for specific research or therapeutic applications.
  • Stable Cell Line Development: Generation of bespoke stable cell lines expressing your target of interest.
  • Functional Assay Development: Designing and executing assays to assess protein function and ligand binding.

Frequently Asked Questions (FAQ)

  1. Q1:What is the primary function of TSPO?

    A1: TSPO is primarily involved in the transport of cholesterol into the mitochondria, a critical step for steroid hormone synthesis. It also plays roles in mitochondrial function, apoptosis, and cellular proliferation.

  2. Q2: Why is TSPO a significant research target?

    A2: TSPO's expression is significantly upregulated in various pathological conditions, including neuroinflammation, cancer, and stress-related disorders, making it a crucial biomarker and a promising therapeutic target.

  3. Q3: Are Company A' TSPO products suitable for clinical use?

    A3: No, all Company A' TSPO products and services are strictly for research use only and are not intended for clinical diagnosis, prevention, treatment, or cure of any disease.

  4. Q4: What types of TSPO products does Company A offer?

    A4: We offer a range of products, including recombinant TSPO membrane proteins, stable cell lines expressing TSPO, and high-quality recombinant TSPO antibodies, along with comprehensive custom services.

Reference
  1. Salerno, Silvia, et al. "TSPO radioligands for neuroinflammation: An overview." Molecules 29.17 (2024): 4212. Under Open Access license CC BY 4.0, without modification. https://doi.org/10.3390/molecules29174212
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