NPY2R Membrane Protein Introduction

Introduction of NPY2R

Neuropeptide Y receptor 2 (NPY2R) is a protein that in humans is encoded by the NPY2R gene, and is a member of the Neuropeptide Y receptor family. It also belongs to the G-protein-coupled receptor superfamily. NPY receptor family comprises four functional NPY receptor subtypes (Y1R, Y2R, Y4R Y5R), it exerts a variety of physiological processes in humans via four different receptor subtypes, which are widely distributed in the central and peripheral nervous system and involved in the regulation of numerous physiological functions.

Function of NPY2R Membrane Protein

The neuropeptide Y system is one of the best-known modulators of the stress response, and some of its effects are mediated through the NPY2R. NPY2R is the most abundant Y subtype receptor in the central nervous system and implicated with food intake, bone formation, affective disorders, alcohol and drugs of abuse, epilepsy, pain, and cancer. Furthermore, NPY2R affect iconic memory processes using a partial report paradigm, and it plays an important role in therapeutics development.

Fig.1 Structure of NPY2R membrane protein. (PDB: 7X9B)

Application of NPY2R Membrane Protein in Literature

1. Treutlein J., et al. Association between neuropeptide Y receptor Y2 promoter variant rs6857715 and major depressive disorder. Psychiatric genetics. 2017, 27(1): 34-7. PubMed ID: 27584037.
   
   

   This article showed the neuropeptide Y system is one of the best-known modulators of the stress response, and some of its effects are mediated through the NPY2R. The functional NPY2R variant rs6857715 (C-599T) has been implicated in both obesity and alcohol dependence, but with opposing alleles.

2. Beste C., et al. On the relevance of the NPY2-receptor variation for modes of action cascading processes. NeuroImage. 2014, 102 Pt 2: 558-64. PubMed ID: 25157429.
   
   

   This article aimed at determining the possible relevance of the NPY2 receptor for action cascading processes and this study investigates a functional promoter variation (rs2234759) in the NPY2R. The behavioral data show that the NPY2R high expression G allele is associated with a less efficient mode of action cascading where different task goals are activated in parallel.

3. Arning L., et al. NPY2-receptor variation modulates iconic memory processes. European neuropsychopharmacology. 2014, 24(8): 1298-302. PubMed ID: 24709141.
   
   

   This article found that iconic memory decayed much faster in individuals carrying the rare promoter NPY2R G allele which is associated with increased expression of the Y2 receptor. And the results provided evidence that the functionally relevant single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) in the NPY2R promoter gene affect circumscribed processes of early sensory processing.

4. Schmidt P., et al. The G-protein-coupled neuropeptide Y receptor type 2 is highly dynamic in lipid membranes as revealed by solid-state NMR spectroscopy. Chemistry. 2014, 20(17): 4986-92. PubMed ID: 24623336.
   
   

   This article showed the NPY2R is highly dynamic in lipid membranes as revealed by solid-state NMR spectroscopy. And they found the molecular mobility of the human NPY2R reconstituted into dimyristoylphosphatidylcholine (DMPC) membranes was investigated by means of solid-state NMR spectroscopy.

5. Mittapalli G.K., et al. Ligands of the neuropeptide Y Y2 receptor. Bioorganic & medicinal chemistry letters. 2014, 24(2): 430-41. PubMed ID: 24365162.
   
   

   This article showed the lack of small molecule non-peptidic Y2 receptor modulators suitable as in vivo pharmacological tools hampered the progress to uncover the precise pharmacological role of Y2.

6. Kloster E., et al. Association of age at onset in Huntington disease with functional promoter variations in NPY and NPY2R. J Mol Med (Berl). 2014, 92(2): 177-84. PubMed ID: 24121255
   
   

   This article finds some relationship of the age at onset (AO) with two Neuropeptide Y promoter variations and a distinct connection with an NPY2R promoter SNP (rs2234759).

7. Maron J.L., et al. Neuropeptide Y2 receptor (NPY2R) expression in saliva predicts feeding immaturity in the premature neonate. PLoS One. 2012, 7(5): e37870. PubMed ID: 22629465
   
   

   This article demonstrates that expression of NPY2R in neonatal saliva is predictive of a premature feeding pattern. It can be taken as a clinically relevant biomarker that may be monitored in saliva to give an improvement of clinical care and decrease serious feeding-associated morbidities.

8. Wang H.J., et al. No association of sequence variants in the neuropeptide Y2 receptor (NPY2R) gene with early onset obesity in Germans. Horm Metab Res. 2007, 39(11): 840-4. PubMed ID: 17992642
   
   

   This article finds no evidence for an association of genetic variation in the NPY2R in early-onset obesity in German samples, suggesting that NPY2R may have no connection with early-onset obesity.

9. Siddiq A., et al. Single nucleotide polymorphisms in the neuropeptide Y2 receptor (NPY2R) gene and association with severe obesity in French white subjects. Diabetologia. 2007, 50(3): 574-84. PubMed ID: 17235527
   
   

   This article provides evidence of involvement for PYY and NPY2R gene mutations with obesity. A rare mutation in NPY2R gene shows evidence of co-segregation with obesity.

10. Arning L., et al. NPY2-receptor variation modulates iconic memory processes. Eur Neuropsychopharmacol. 2014, 24(8): 1298-302. PubMed ID: 24709141
    
    

    This article demonstrates that the functionally relevant mutations in the promoter of NPY2R gene can affect circumscribed processes of early sensory processing.

NPY2R Preparation Options

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Reference

1. Tang, T.; et al. Receptor-specific recognition of NPY peptides revealed by structures of NPY receptors. Science Advances. 2022, 8(18): eabm1232.

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