Vibrio Cholerae

Vibrio Cholerae is a Gram-negative, comma-shaped bacterium. The bacterium's natural habitat is brackish or saltwater. The bacterium has a flagellum at one cell pole as well as pili. It is a facultative anaerobe, and can undergo respiratory and fermentative metabolism. It contains a genomic island of pathogenicity and is lysogenized with phage DNA. That means that the genes of a virus were integrated into the bacterial genome and made the bacteria pathogenic. It secretes cholera toxin, a protein that causes profuse, watery diarrhea. Colonization of the small intestine also requires the toxin coregulated pilus (TCP), a thin, flexible, filamentous appendage on the surface of bacterial cells. it also can cause syndromes ranging from asymptomatic to cholera gravis.

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