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Introduction to FACS Technology for Single Cell Isolation

Monoclonal antibodies have high specificity, high targeting and good biocompatibility. They have a wide range of applications in the field of pharmaceutical development. Single B cell screening is a novel method for antibody development. Monoclonal antibodies prepared by this method have many advantages. And fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) technology is a widely used technology for single B cell screening. It can quickly separate a large number of B cells and analyze multiple parameters simultaneously, which is a very convenient single B cell screening method. Based on our rich field experience and B-cell sorting platform, Creative Biolabs provides comprehensive services to support the development and application of single B cell screening.

Fig 1. Illustration of FACS. (Creative Biolabs Authorized)Fig 1. Illustration of FACS

FACS Technology for Single Cell Isolation

Currently, the main methods for preparing monoclonal antibodies are hybridoma technology and phage display technology. However, both methods have certain defects. The murine antibodies obtained by hybridoma technology have high immunogenicity, a short half-life, and often have insignificant clinical effects. Even if murine monoclonal antibodies are genetically engineered to be completely humanized, it is impossible to completely eliminate the immunogenicity of murine monoclonal antibodies, and these improvements in clinical efficacy are still valid. Although phage display technology is a widely used in vitro method for screening the variable region genes of human antigen-specific antibodies, this method still has some disadvantages. Antibodies obtained based on phage display technology are not expressed in the human body, which may lead to conformational changes and thus a loss of antigen specificity. In addition, the natural pairing of antibody heavy and light chains cannot be maintained due to the random combination of antibody heavy and light chains. Therefore, more sophisticated techniques are needed to develop monoclonal antibodies that are more applicable to the treatment of human diseases.

In recent years, there has been a gradual increase in single B cell screening techniques. Single B cell antibody technology is an in vitro cloning and expression of single antigen-specific B cell antibody gene technology. This technique retains the natural pairing of the variable regions of the light and heavy chains and has the advantages of good genetic diversity, high efficiency, all-human origin, and a small number of cells required. Currently, this technology has been applied to the treatment of pathogenic microbial infections, the detection and treatment of autoimmune diseases, and the study of the human immune system. Methods commonly used for single B cell isolation include laser-capture microdissection, FACS, microengraving, and droplet microfluidics.

The FACS technique is an important method for single B cell screening. It is based on antigen-antibody specific reaction for single B cell screening. The technique utilizes fluorescein-labeled antibodies to B cell surface molecules as well as labeled specific antigens to screen for antigen-specific B cells by multicolor flow analysis and sorting. The FACS technique allows for the sorting of individual antigen-specific B cells into single wells of a cell culture plate and the direct amplification and assay of antibody genes. It has significant advantages, such as the ability to rapidly isolate B cells, the ability to isolate a large number of B cells, and the accuracy of the isolation results. In addition, the method can analyze multiple parameters simultaneously. However, limited to the current technology and other reasons, FACS technology still has some shortcomings, such as the high cost. The electromagnetic field will cause some damage to the cells and thus affect cell activity.

Creative Biolabs has a wealth of knowledge and experience in single B cell screening. We would be happy to share with you our knowledge and experience related to FACS technology for single cell isolation.


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