LRRC55 Membrane Protein Introduction

Introduction of LRRC55

LRRC55, the full protein name being leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 55, is encoded by the LRRC55 gene in human. It’s expressed in the brain, lymph node and other tissues. The LRRC55 gene is conserved in chimpanzee, Rhesus monkey, dog, cow, mouse, rat, and chicken. It is one of the auxiliary γ subunits of BK channels. It can shift gating voltages of BK channels around 50mV. It’s the only γ subunit which is expressed in the mammalian nervous system.

Basic Information of LRRC55
Protein Name	Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 55
Gene Name	LRRC55
Aliases	BK channel auxiliary gamma subunit LRRC55
Organism	Homo sapiens (Human)
UniProt ID	Q6ZSA7
Transmembrane Times	1
Length (aa)	311
Sequence	MGSLQHCCCLLPKMGDTWAQLPWPGPPHPAMLLISLLLAAGLMHSDAGTSCPVLCTCRNQVVDCSSQRLFSVPPDLPMDTRNLSLAHNRITAVPPGYLTCYMELQVLDLHNNSLMELPRGLFLHAKRLAHLDLSYNNFSHVPADMFQEAHGLVHIDLSHNPWLRRVHPQAFQGLMQLRDLDLSYGGLAFLSLEALEGLPGLVTLQIGGNPWVCGCTMEPLLKWLRNRIQRCTADSQLAECRGPPEVEGAPLFSLTEESFKACHLTLTLDDYLFIAFVGFVVSIASVATNFLLGITANCCHRWSKASEEEEI

Function of LRRC55 Membrane Protein

LRRC55 (Leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 55) is a single transmembrane protein. It’s an auxiliary subunit of the large-conductance, voltage and calcium-activated potassium channel (BK alpha channel). BK channels consist of the homotetrameric pore-forming voltage and calcium-sensing α subunits (BKα), or regulatory tissue-specific auxiliary β or γ subunits. BK channel auxiliary γ (BKγ) subunits are a group of leucine-rich repeat (LRR)-containing membrane proteins, including γ1 (LRRC26), γ2 (LRRC52), γ3 (LRRC55), and γ4 (LRRC38). Also, LRRC55 can shift the gating voltages of BK channels in the absence of cytosolic calcium, and the activity is dependent on activation in the hyperpolarizing direction. These subunits show distinct expression in different human tissues, and LRRC55 is mainly expressed in the brain. In addition, LRRC55 plays an important role in MHb and cerebellum based on the function of BK channels in the brain. In addition, LRRC55 is associated with stress fracture predisposition detected by whole-exome sequencing.

Fig.1 Structural features of LRRC55 (γ3) (Li, 2015)

Application of LRRC55 Membrane Protein in Literature

Zhang Y.Y., et al. mRNA expression of LRRC55 protein (leucine-rich repeat-containing protein 55) in the adult mouse brain. PLoS One. 2018, 13(1):e0191749. PubMed ID: 29370300

This article indicates that LRRC55 plays an important role in MHb and cerebellum based on the function of BK channels in brain.
Li Q., et al. Molecular basis for differential modulation of BK channel voltage-dependent gating by auxiliary γ subunits. J Gen Physiol. 2015, 145(6):543-54. PubMed ID: 26009545

This article shows the molecular basis for differential modulation of BK channel by gamma subunits, and LRRC55 is gamma-3 subunit.
Zhang J and Yan J. Regulation of BK channels by auxiliary γ subunits. Front Physiol. 2014, 5:401. PubMed ID: 25360119

This article shows that LRRC55 can interact with BK channels to modulate their function.
Friedman E., et al. Novel candidate genes putatively involved in stress fracture predisposition detected by whole-exome sequencing. Genet Res (Camb). 2014, 96:e004. PubMed ID: 25023003

This article investigates the mutated genes in stress fracture predisposition, and LRRC55 is identified by whole-exome sequencing.
Yan J and Aldrich R.W. BK potassium channel modulation by leucine-rich repeat-containing proteins. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A. 2012, 109(20):7917-22. PubMed ID: 22547800

This article demonstrates that LRRC55 produce a marked shift in the BK channel's voltage depending on the activation in the hyperpolarizing direction in the absence of calcium.

LRRC55 Preparation Options

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Reference

Li Q, et al. (2015). Molecular basis for differential modulation of BK channel voltage-dependent gating by auxiliary γ subunits. J Gen Physiol. 145(6):543-54.

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